Lisnevskaia L, Murphy G, Isenberg D. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 2014;384(9957):1878–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60128-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, Isenberg D, Kuhn A, Lerstrøm K, Aringer M, Bootsma H, Boumpas D, Bruce IN, Cervera R, Clarke A, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Czirják L, Derksen R, Dörner T, Gordon C, Graninger W, Houssiau F, Inanc M, Jacobsen S, Jayne D, Jedryka-Goral A, Levitsky A, Levy R, Mariette X, Morand E, Navarra S, Neumann I, Rahman A, Rovensky J, Smolen J, Vasconcelos C, Voskuyl A, Voss A, Zakharova H, Zoma A, Schneider M. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):958–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205139.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ceccarelli F, Perricone C, Natalucci F, et al. Organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a multifactorial phenomenon. Autoimmun Rev. 2023;22(8):103374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103374.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Golder V, Tsang-A-Sjoe MWP. Treatment targets in SLE: remission and low disease activity state. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(Suppl5):v19–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa420.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dörner T, Furie R. Novel paradigms in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 2019;393(10188):2344–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30546-X.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navarra SV, Guzmán RM, Gallacher AE, Hall S, Levy RA, Jimenez RE, Li EK, Thomas M, Kim HY, León MG, Tanasescu C, Nasonov E, Lan JL, Pineda L, Zhong ZJ, Freimuth W, Petri MA. BLISS-52 Study Group Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9767):721–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61354-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Furie R, Petri M, Zamani O, Cervera R, Wallace DJ, Tegzová D, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Schwarting A, Merrill JT, Chatham WW, Stohl W, Ginzler EM, Hough DR, Zhong ZJ, Freimuth W, van Vollenhoven RF. BLISS-76 Study Group. A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(12):3918–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30613.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Furie R, Rovin BH, Houssiau F, et al. Two-year, randomized, controlled trial of belimumab in lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1117–28. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001180.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iaccarino L, Andreoli L, Bocci EB, Bortoluzzi A, Ceccarelli F, Conti F, De Angelis R, De Marchi G, De Vita S, Di Matteo A, Emmi G, Emmi L, Gatto M, Gerli R, Gerosa M, Govoni M, Larosa M, Meroni PL, Mosca M, Pazzola G, Reggia R, Saccon F, Salvarani C, Tani C, Zen M, Frigo AC, Tincani A, Doria A. Clinical predictors of response and discontinuation of belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in real life setting. Results of a large, multicentric, nationwide study. J Autoimmun. 2018;86:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2017.09.004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zen M, Gatto M, Depascale R, Regola F, Fredi M, Andreoli L, Franceschini F, Urban ML, Emmi G, Ceccarelli F, Conti F, Bortoluzzi A, Govoni M, Tani C, Mosca M, Ubiali T, Gerosa M, Bozzolo EP, Canti V, Cardinaletti P, Gabrielli A, Tanti G, Gremese E, De Marchi G, De Vita S, Fasano S, Ciccia F, Pazzola G, Salvarani C, Negrini S, Di Matteo A, De Angelis R, Orsolini G, Rossini M, Faggioli P, Laria A, Piga M, Cauli A, Scarpato S, Rossi FW, De Paulis A, Brunetta E, Ceribelli A, Selmi C, Prete M, Racanelli V, Vacca A, Bartoloni E, Gerli R, Zanatta E, Larosa M, Saccon F, Doria A, Iaccarino L. Early and late response and glucocorticoid-sparing effect of belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with joint and skin manifestations: results from the belimumab in real life setting study-joint and skin (BeRLiSS-JS). J Pers Med. 2023;13(4):691. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040691.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Alunno A, Aringer M, Bajema I, Boletis JN, Cervera R, Doria A, Gordon C, Govoni M, Houssiau F, Jayne D, Kouloumas M, Kuhn A, Larsen JL, Lerstrøm K, Moroni G, Mosca M, Schneider M, Smolen JS, Svenungsson E, Tesar V, Tincani A, Troldborg A, van Vollenhoven R, Wenzel J, Bertsias G, Boumpas DT. 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(6):736–45. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215089.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Andersen J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(1):15–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2023-224762.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(9):1725. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780400928.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, Brinks R, Mosca M, Ramsey-Goldman R, Smolen JS, Wofsy D, Boumpas DT, Kamen DL, Jayne D, Cervera R, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Diamond B, Gladman DD, Hahn B, Hiepe F, Jacobsen S, Khanna D, Lerstrøm K, Massarotti E, McCune J, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Schneider M, Urowitz M, Bertsias G, Hoyer BF, Leuchten N, Tani C, Tedeschi SK, Touma Z, Schmajuk G, Anic B, Assan F, Chan TM, Clarke AE, Crow MK, Czirják L, Doria A, Graninger W, Halda-Kiss B, Hasni S, Izmirly PM, Jung M, Kumánovics G, Mariette X, Padjen I, Pego-Reigosa JM, Romero-Diaz J, Rúa-Figueroa Fernández Í, Seror R, Stummvoll GH, Tanaka Y, Tektonidou MG, Vasconcelos C, Vital EM, Wallace DJ, Yavuz S, Meroni PL, Fritzler MJ, Naden R, Dörner T, Johnson SR. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(9):1151–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214819.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gladman DD, Ibañez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(2):288–91.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gladman D, Ginzler E, Goldsmith C, Fortin P, Liang M, Urowitz M, Bacon P, Bombardieri S, Hanly J, Hay E, Isenberg D, Jones J, Kalunian K, Maddison P, Nived O, Petri M, Richter M, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Snaith M, Sturfelt G, Symmons D, Zoma A. The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(3):363–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780390303.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levy RA, Gonzalez-Rivera T, Khamashta M, Fox NL, Jones-Leone A, Rubin B, Burriss SW, Gairy K, Maurik AV, Roth DA. 10 Years of belimumab experience: what have we learnt? Lupus. 2021;30(11):1705–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/09612033211028653.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahmed HM, Abohamad S, Elfishawi M, Hegazy MT, Vijaykumar K. Subcutaneous formulation of belimumab in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a critical review with focus on safety and satisfaction. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;21(12):2475–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S147163.PMID:30538431;PMCID:PMC6254654.

Article  Google Scholar