Valaiyapathi B, Sunil B, Ashraf AP. Approach to hypertriglyceridemia in the pediatric population. Pediatr Rev. 2017;38(9):424–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

FOR EPOIG, CHILDREN RRI. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics. 2011;128(Suppl 5):S213.

Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Prevalence of abnormal lipid levels among youths --- United States, 1999–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59(2):29–33.

Dhuper S, Sakowitz S, Daniels J, Buddhe S, Cohen HW. Association of lipid abnormalities with measures and severity of adiposity and insulin resistance among overweight children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2009;11(10):594–600.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Korsten-Reck U, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Korsten K, Baumstark MW, Dickhuth HH, Berg A. Frequency of secondary dyslipidemia in obese children. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(5):1089–94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bell LM, Curran JA, Byrne S, Roby H, Suriano K, Jones TW, Davis EA. High incidence of obesity co-morbidities in young children: a cross-sectional study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2011;47(12):911–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegele RA, Ginsberg HN, Chapman MJ, Nordestgaard BG, Kuivenhoven JA, Averna M, et al. The polygenic nature of hypertriglyceridaemia: implications for definition, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(8):655–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scherer J, Singh VP, Pitchumoni C, Yadav D. Issues in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: an update. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(3):195–203.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simons-Linares CR, Jang S, Sanaka M, Bhatt A, Lopez R, Vargo J, et al. The triad of diabetes ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis How does it affect mortality and morbidity?: A 10-year analysis of the National Inpatient Sample. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14378.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rygiel K. Hypertriglyceridemia - Common Causes, Prevention and Treatment Strategies. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2018;14(1):67–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Bays HE, Jones PH, et al. National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1–full report. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(2):129–69.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168–209.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berglund L, Brunzell JD, Goldberg AC, Goldberg IJ, Sacks F, Murad MH, et al. Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(9):2969–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frontini MG, Srinivasan SR, Xu J, Tang R, Bond MG, Berenson GS. Usefulness of childhood non–high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels versus other lipoprotein measures in predicting adult subclinical atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):924–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daniels SR, Greer FR, Nutrition Co. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):198–208.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Ferranti SD, Steinberger J, Ameduri R, Baker A, Gooding H, Kelly AS, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(13):e603–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savorani F, Kristensen M, Larsen FH, Astrup A, Engelsen SB. High throughput prediction of chylomicron triglycerides in human plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance and chemometrics. Nutr Metab. 2010;7:1–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nordestgaard BG, Varbo A. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. The Lancet. 2014;384(9943):626–35.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Steiner MJ, Skinner AC, Perrin EM. Fasting might not be necessary before lipid screening: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):463–70.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Nonfasting lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in individuals with and without diabetes: 58 434 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Clin Chem. 2011;57(3):482–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sidhu D, Naugler C. Fasting time and lipid levels in a community-based population: a cross-sectional study. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lindman AS, Veierod MB, Tverdal A, Pedersen JI, Selmer R. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular death in men and women from the Norwegian Counties Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(11):789–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007;298(3):309–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iso H, Imano H, Yamagishi K, Ohira T, Cui R, Noda H, et al. Fasting and non-fasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(1):361–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA. 2007;298(3):299–308.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen JS, Nordestgaard BG. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic stroke in the general population. JAMA. 2008;300(18):2142–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordestgaard BG, Freiberg JJ. Clinical relevance of non-fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and remnant cholesterol. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2011;9(3):281–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Varbo A, Benn M, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jorgensen AB, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG. Remnant cholesterol as a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(4):427–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordestgaard BG. A Test in Context: Lipid Profile, Fasting Versus Nonfasting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(13):1637–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, Bittner V, Criqui MH, Ginsberg HN, et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(20):2292–333.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kolovou GD, Watts GF, Mikhailidis DP, Perez-Martinez P, Mora S, Bilianou H, et al. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement. Main Text Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2019;17(5):498–514.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999–3058.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, et al. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation. 2007;115(4):450–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed