Rintala R, Lindahl H, Louhimo I (1991) Anorectal malformations—results of treatment and long-term follow-up in 208 patients. Pediatr Surg Int 6(1):36–41

Article  Google Scholar 

Peña A, Devries PA (1982) Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty: important technical considerations and new applications. J Pediatr Surg 17(6):796–811

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levitt M, Peña A (2014) Imperforate anus and cloacal malformations. In: Holcomb GW, Murphy JP, Ostilie DJ (eds) Ashcraft’s Pediatric Surgery, 6th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 492–524

Google Scholar 

Georgeson KE, Inge TH, Albanese CT (2000) Laparoscopically assisted anorectal pull-through for high imperforate anus—a new technique. J Pediatr Surg 35(6):927–931

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yokoyama J, Hayashi A, Ikawa H, Hagane K, Sanbonmatsu T, Endo M et al (1985) Abdomino-extended sacroperineal approach in high-type anorectal malformation-And a new operative method. Z Kinderchir 40(03):151–157

Google Scholar 

Nixon H (1985) Use of lateral flap anoplasty. J Pediatr Surg 20(5):563

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holschneider AM, Hutson JM (2006) Anorectal malformations in children: embryology, diagnosis, surgical treatment, follow-up. Springer

Google Scholar 

Iwai N, Yanagihara J, Tokiwa K, Deguchi E, Takahashi T (1988) Results of surgical correction of anorectal malformations. A 10–30 year follow-up. Annals of surgery 207(2):219

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rintala R, Mildh L, Lindahl H (1994) Fecal continence and quality of life for adult patients with an operated high or intermediate anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 29(6):777–780

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diseth TH, Emblem R (1996) Somatic function, mental health, and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with anorectal anomalies. J Pediatr Surg 31(5):638–643

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rintala R, Lindahl H (1999) 75 Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is superior to sacroperineal-sacroabdominoperineal pull-through: a long-term follow-up study in boys with high anorectal anomalies. J Pediatr Surg 34(2):334–337

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iwai N, Deguchi E, Kimura O, Kubota Y, Ono S, Shimadera S (2007) Social quality of life for adult patients with anorectal malformations. J Pediatr Surg 42(2):313–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hassett S, Snell S, Hughes-Thomas A, Holmes K (2009) 10-year outcome of children born with anorectal malformation, treated by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, assessed according to the Krickenbeck classification. J Pediatr Surg 44(2):399–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.092

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borg HC, Holmdahl G, Gustavsson K, Doroszkiewicz M, Sillen U (2013) Longitudinal study of bowel function in children with anorectal malformations. J Pediatr Surg 48(3):597–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.056

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong CWY, Chung PHY, Tam PKH, Wong KKY (2020) Quality of life and defecative function 10 years or longer after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through for anorectal malformation. Pediatr Surg Int 36(3):289–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-019-04606-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stephens FD, Durham Smith E, Paul NW (1988) Anorectal malformations in children: update 1988. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 24(4):1–604

Google Scholar 

Penninckx F, Kerremans R (1986) Internal sphincter-saving in imperforate anus with or without fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis 1(1):28–32

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rintala R, Lindahl H (1995) Internal sphincter-saving posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for high and intermediate anorectal malformations—technical considerations. Pediatr Surg Int 10(5):345–349

Google Scholar 

Zaiem M, Zaiem F (2017) Muscle complex saving posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. J Pediatr Surg 52(5):889–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.12.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kubota M, Suita S (2002) Assessment of sphincter muscle function before and after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty using a magnetic spinal stimulation technique. J Pediatr Surg 37(4):617–622. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2002.31621

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holschneider A (1974) Modern diagnosis of function in anorectal diseases in childhood, with particular reference to electromanometry (author’s transl). MMW, Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 116(22):1129–1138

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelly JH (1972) The clinical and radiological assessment of anal continence in childhood. Australian and New Zealand J of Surg 42(1):62–3

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ong N-T, Beasley SW (1990) Comparison of clinical methods for the assessment of continence after repair of high anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int 5:233–237

Article  Google Scholar 

Levitt MA, Pena A (2007) Anorectal malformations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-2-33

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar