Tao C, Li Z, Fan Y, Li X, Qian H, Yu H, Xu QQ, Lu CC (2021) Independent and combined associations of urinary heavy metals exposure and serum sex hormones among adults in NHANES 2013–2016. Environ Pollut 281:117097

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gatzke-Kopp LM, Riis JL, Ahmadi H, Piccerillo HL, Granger DA, Blair CB, Thomas EA (2023) Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased levels of metals in children’s saliva. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 33(6):903–10

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gianatti EJ, Grossmann M (2020) Testosterone deficiency in men with Type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and treatment. Diabet Med 37(2):174–86

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paller CJ, Shiels MS, Rohrmann S, Basaria S, Rifai N, Nelson W, Platz EA, Dobs A (2009) Relationship of sex steroid hormones with bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative sample of men. Clin Endocrinol 70(1):26–34

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ruige JB, Mahmoud AM, De Bacquer D, Kaufman JM (2011) Endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease in healthy men: a meta-analysis. Heart 97(11):870–5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boibessot C, Toren P (2018) Sex steroids in the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 25(3):R179-r96

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kresovich JK, Argos M, Turyk ME (2015) Associations of lead and cadmium with sex hormones in adult males. Environ Res 142:25–33

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bush D, Goniewicz ML (2015) A pilot study on nicotine residues in houses of electronic cigarette users, tobacco smokers, and non-users of nicotine-containing products. Int J Drug Policy 26(6):609–11

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ozgur K, Isikoglu M, Seleker M, Donmez L (2005) Semen quality of smoking and non-smoking men in infertile couples in a Turkish population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 271(2):109–12

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pasqualotto FF, Sobreiro BP, Hallak J, Pasqualotto EB, Lucon AM (2006) Cigarette smoking is related to a decrease in semen volume in a population of fertile men. BJU Int 97(2):324–6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M, Aguilar-Garduño C (2012) Effect of current tobacco consumption on the male reproductive hormone profile. Sci Total Environ 426:100–5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ravnborg TL, Jensen TK, Andersson AM, Toppari J, Skakkebaek NE, Jørgensen N (2011) Prenatal and adult exposures to smoking are associated with adverse effects on reproductive hormones, semen quality, final height and body mass index. Hum Reprod 26(5):1000–11

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Tang Y, Li Z, Hua Q, Wang L, Song X, Zou BB, Ding M, Zhao JS, Tang CL (2020) Joint toxicity of a multi-heavy metal mixture and chemoprevention in sprague dawley rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(4):1451

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen YW, Yang CY, Huang CF, Hung DZ, Leung YM, Liu SH (2009) Heavy metals, islet function and diabetes development. Islets 1(3):169–76

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeng X, Jin T, Buchet JP, Jiang X, Kong Q, Ye T, Bernard A, Nordberg GF (2004) Impact of cadmium exposure on male sex hormones: a population-based study in China. Environ Res 96(3):338–44

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jurasović J, Cvitković P, Pizent A, Colak B, Telisman S (2004) Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function with regard to blood cadmium in Croatian male subjects. Biometals 17(6):735–43

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piascik MT, Champney RB, Kasarskis EJ, Forrester T (1985) A method for enriching the cadmium content of cigarette smoke and effect of exposure to this smoke on coronary vascular reactivity in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81(3 Pt 1):525–32

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis RC, Meeker JD (2015) Biomarkers of exposure to molybdenum and other metals in relation to testosterone among men from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012. Fertil Steril 103(1):172–8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagata C, Konishi K, Goto Y, Tamura T, Wada K, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K (2016) Associations of urinary cadmium with circulating sex hormone levels in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Environ Res 150:82–7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pinto E, Cruz M, Ramos P, Santos A, Almeida A (2017) Metals transfer from tobacco to cigarette smoke: Evidences in smokers’ lung tissue. J Hazard Mater 325:31–5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shakeri MT, Nezami H, Nakhaee S, Aaseth J, Mehrpour O (2021) Assessing heavy metal burden among cigarette smokers and non-smoking individuals in Iran: Cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 199(11):4036–44

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai H, Zhang H, Wang H, Niu J, Luo B, Yan J, Li X (2023) The effect of smoking habits on blood cadmium and lead levels in residents living near a mining and smelting area in Northwest China: a cross-sectional study. Biol Trace Elem Res 201(3):1101–11

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee W, Lee S, Roh J, Won JU, Yoon JH (2017) The association between involuntary smoking exposure with urine cotinine level and blood cadmium level in general non-smoking populations. J Korean Med Sci 32(4):568–75

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Padilla S, Markman L, Watanabe K (2021) Tobacco smoke is a likely source of lead and cadmium in settled house dust. J Trace Elem Med Biol 63:126656

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian Y, Hou H, Zhu F, Wang A, Liu Y, Hu Q (2014) Simultaneous determination of chromium, cadmium, and lead and evaluation of the correlation between chromium and cotinine in Chinese smokers. Biol Trace Elem Res 158(1):9–14

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Fang Y, Witting PK, Charchar FJ, Sobey CG, Drummond GR, Golledge J (2023) Dietary fatty acids and mortality risk from heart disease in US adults: an analysis based on NHANES. Sci Rep 13(1):1614

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li C, Wang Y, Wang S, Huang L (2023) Smoke exposure reduces the protective effect of physical activity on hypertension: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2013–2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(3):2532

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Q, Hu S, Fan F, Zheng Z, Zhou X, Zhang Y (2023) Association of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 30(26):69628–38

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Willers S, Gerhardsson L, Lundh T (2005) Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with asthma-relation between lead and cadmium, and cotinine concentrations in urine. Respir Med 99(12):1521–7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Talpur FN, Brabazon D, Naher S (2013) Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers. Clin Chim Acta 426:51–7

Article  CAS