Targeted Treatments for Myasthenia Gravis in Children and Adolescents

Parr JR, Andrew MJ, Finnis M, Beeson D, Vincent A, Jayawant S. How common is childhood myasthenia? The UK incidence and prevalence of autoimmune and congenital myasthenia. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:539–42.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Popperud T, Boldingh M, Brunborg C, Faiz K, Heldal A, Maniaol A, et al. Juvenile myasthenia gravis in Norway: a nationwide epidemiological study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017;21(2):312–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mombaur B, Lesosky MR, Liebenberg L, Vreede H, Heckmann JM. Incidence of acetylcholine receptor-antibody-positive myasthenia gravis in South Africa. Muscle Nerve. 2015;51(4):533–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang X, Liu W, Men L, Feng H, Li Y, Luo C, et al. Clinical features of myasthenia gravis in southern China: a retrospective review of 2154 cases over 22 years. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:911–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carr AS, Cardwell CR, McCarron PO, McConville J. A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in Myasthenia Gravis. BMC Neurol. 2010;10:1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vanikieti K, Lowwongngam K, Padungkiatsagul T, Visudtibhan A, Poonyathalang A. Juvenile ocular myasthenia gravis: presentation and outcome of a large cohort. Pediatr Neurol. 2018;87:36–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Popperud T, Boldingh M, Rasmussen M, Kerty E. Juvenile myasthenia gravis in Norway: clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome in a nationwide population-based cohort. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017;21(5):707–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, Verschuuren J. Myasthenia gravis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0079-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vecchio D, Ramdas S, Munot P, Pitt M, Beeson D, Knight R, et al. Paediatric myasthenia gravis: prognostic factors for drug free remission. Neuromuscul Disord. 2020;30(2):120–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2019.11.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gui M, Luo X, Lin J, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, et al. Long-term outcome of 424 childhood-onset myasthenia gravis patients. J Neurol. 2015;262(4):823–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7638-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, Evoli A, Gilhus NE, Illa I, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016;87(4):419–25. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002790.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Munot P, Robb SA, Niks EH, Palace J. 242nd ENMC International Workshop: diagnosis and management of juvenile myasthenia gravis Hoofddorp, the Netherlands, 1–3 March 2019. Neuromuscul Disord. 2020;30(3):254–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2020.02.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maggi L, Mantegazza R. Treatment of myasthenia gravis: focus on pyridostigmine. Clin Drug Investig. 2011;31(10):691–701. https://doi.org/10.2165/11593300-000000000-00000.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mehndiratta MM, Pandey S, Kuntzer T. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(10): CD006986. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006986.pub3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Remijn-Nelissen L, Verschuuren J, Tannemaat MR. The effectiveness and side effects of pyridostigmine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: a cross-sectional study. Neuromuscul Disord. 2022;32(10):790–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2022.09.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Osserman KE, Teng P, Kaplan LI. Studies in myasthenia gravis; preliminary report on therapy with mestinon bromide. J Am Med Assoc. 1954;155(11):961–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690290011004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westerberg MR, Magee KR. Mestinon in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1954;4(10):762–72. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.4.10.762.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schwab RS, Timberlake WH. Pyridostigmin (mestinon) in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 1954;251(7):271–2. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm195408122510706.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munsat TL. Anticholinesterase abuse in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci. 1984;64(1):5–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(84)90050-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Engel AG. Why does acetylcholine exacerbate myasthenia caused by anti-MuSK antibodies? J Physiol. 2013;591(10):2377. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.254599.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Evoli A, Alboini PE, Damato V, Iorio R, Provenzano C, Bartoccioni E, et al. Myasthenia gravis with antibodies to MuSK: an update. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1412(1):82–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13518.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz NK, Barohn RJ. The history of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Neuropharmacology. 2021;182: 108303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108303.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aquilonius SM, Hartvig P. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cholinesterase inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1986;11(3):236–49. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198611030-00005.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolfe G, Barohn R, Galetta S. Drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. In: Textbook of Ocular Pharmacology, pp 837–48; 1997.

Claytor B, Cho SM, Li Y. Myasthenic crisis. Muscle Nerve. 2023;68(1):8–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.27832.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Millikan CH, Eaton LM. Clinical-evaluation of ACTH and cortisone in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1951;1(2):145–52. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.1.3.145.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Reis G, Liljestrand A, Matell G. Treatment of severe myasthenia gravis with large doses of ACTH. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966;135(1):409–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb45487.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Genkins G, Kornfeld P, Osserman KE, Namba T, Grob D, Brunner NG. The use of ACTH and corticosteroids in myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1971;183:369–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb30766.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Namba T, Brunner NG, Shapiro MS, Grob D. Corticotropin therapy in myasthenia gravis: effects, indications, and limitations. Neurology. 1971;21(10):1008–18. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.21.10.1008.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vogt M, Derendorf H, Krämer J, Junginger HE, Midha KK, Shah VP, et al. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: prednisolone. J Pharm Sci. 2007;96(1):27–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20768.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stahn C, Löwenberg M, Hommes DW, Buttgereit F. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;275(1–2):71–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2007.05.019.

Article  CAS  PubMed 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif