Abu Bakar FI, Abu Bakar MF, Rahmat A, Abdullah N, Sabran SF, Endrini S (2018) Anti-gout potential of Malaysian medicinal plants. Front Pharmacol 9:261. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00261

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahanger MA, Aziz U, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Parvaiz A (2020) Influence of exogenous salicylic acid and nitric oxide on growth, photosynthesis, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle in salt stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules 10:42. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010042

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ak G, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Mahomoodally MF, Picot-Allain MCN, Cakır O, Bensari S, Yılmaz MA, Gallo M, Montesano D (2020) A comparative bio-evaluation and chemical profiles of Calendula officinalis L. extracts prepared via different extraction techniques. Int J Appl Sci 10:5920. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175920

Alam M, Uddin G, Rashid U, Rauf A, Raza M, Shah SMM, Shah SUA, Naz S, Khan K, Khan A (2021) In vitro and in silico xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of benzofuran isolated from Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. Ex DC. S Afr J Bot 143:359–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.01.010

Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Ukaegbu CI (2018) Soxhlet extraction of phenolic compounds from Vernonia cinerea leaves and its antioxidant activity. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants 11:12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.07.003

Article  Google Scholar 

Altay A, Yeniceri E, Taslimi P, Taskin-Tok T, Yilmaz MA, Koksal E (2022) LC-MS/MS analysis and diverse biological activities of Hypericum scabrum L.: in vitro and in silico research. S Afr J Bot 150:940–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.08.032

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Aouachria S, Boumerfeg S, Benslama A, Boussoualim N, Trabsa H, Baghiani A (2020) Phenolics contents, xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitory potential, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Cachrys libanotis L. root extracts. JDDT 10:71–79. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4-s.4278

Artiss J, Entwistle WM (1981) The application of a sensitive uricase-peroxidase coupled reaction to a centrifugal fast analyser for the determination of uric acid. Clin Chim Acta 116:301–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(82)90381-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Behiry SI, Okla MK, Alamri SA, El-Hefny M, Salem M, Alaraidh I, Ali H, Al-Ghtani S, Monroy J, Salem A (2019) Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Musa paradisiaca L. peel extract: HPLC analysis of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Processes 7:215. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7040215

Bellahcene F, Benarous K, Mermer A, Boulebd H, Serseg T, Linani A, Kaouka A, Yousfi M, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Ozeki Y, Kawsar SMA (2024) Unveiling potent Schiff base derivatives with selective xanthine oxidase inhibition: in silico and in vitro approach. Saudi Pharm J 32:102062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102062

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhupinder K, Gagandeep K, Mukta G, Reena G (2017) Indian medicinal plants useful in treatment of gout: a review for current status and future prospective. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10:07–416. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20170

Bukowska B, Kowalska S (2004) Phenol and catechol induce prehemolytic and hemolytic changes in human erythrocytes. Toxicol Lett 152:73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ceylan R, Katanić J, Zengin G, Matić S, Aktumsek A, Boroja T, Stanić S, Mihailović V, Guler GO, Boga M, Yılmaz MA (2016) Chemical and biological fingerprints of two Fabaceae species (Cytisopsis dorycniifolia and Ebenus hirsuta): are they novel sources of natural agents for pharmaceutical and food formulations. Ind Crops Prod 84:254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.019

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chaudhary D, Lamichhane G (2023) Overview of natural products in nutraceutical industries. In: Amalraj A, Kuttappan S, Varma K, Matharu A (Eds.) Herbs, Spices and Their Roles in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Academic Press, p. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90794-1.00003-X

Chen C-H, Chan H-C, Chu Y-T, Ho H-Y, Chen P-Y, Lee TH, Lee CK (2009) Antioxidant activity of some plant extracts towards xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase and tyrosinase. Molecules 14:2947–2958. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14082947

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiu TH, Liu C-H, Chang C-C, Lin M-N, Lin C-L (2020) Vegetarian diet and risk of gout in two separate prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr 39:837–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Ouassou H, Bnouham M (2020) Medicinal plants as a drug alternative source for the antigout therapy in Morocco. Scientifica. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8637583

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Endrini S, Bakar FIA, Bakar MFA, Abdullah N, Marsiati H (2023) Phytochemical profiling, in vitro and in vivo xanthine oxidase inhibition and antihyperuricemic activity of Christia vespertilionis leaf. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 48:102645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102645

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fidan HS, Kilinc FM, Yilmaz MA, Akdeniz M, Yener I, Firat M, Onay A, Kolak U, Ertas A (2021) Comparison of chemical and biological properties of in vivo and in vitro samples of Salvia siirtica Kahraman, Celep & Dogan extracts prepared with different solvents. S Afr J Bot 142:421–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.07.029

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fridovich I, Handler P (1962) Xanthine oxidase: V. Differential inhibition of the reduction of various electron acceptors. J Biol Chem 237:916–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60393-X

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gu F, Luo X, Jin X, Cai C, Zhao W (2022) Association of total calcium with serum uric acid levels among united states adolescents aged 12–19 years: a cross-sectional study. Front Med 9:915371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.915371

Article  Google Scholar 

Haddouchi F, Chaouche T, Halla N (2016) Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activities and hemolytic power of four Saharan plants from Algeria. Phytothérapie. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-016-1086-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Hayat J, Akodad M, Moumen A, Baghour M, Skalli A, Ezrari S, Belmalha S (2020) Phytochemical screening, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin content, antioxidant activities and FTIR characterization of Marrubium vulgare L. from 2 different localities of Northeast of Morocco. Heliyon 6:e05609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05609

Hellsten Y (2000) The role of xanthine oxidase in exercise. In: Sen CK, Packer L, Hänninen OOP (eds.) Handbook of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Exercise, Part III, Chapter 7. Elsevier Science, pp 153–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482650-3/50007-9

Hudaib MM, Tawaha KA, Mohammad MK, Assaf AM, Issa AY, Alali FQ, Aburjai TA, Bustanji YK (2011) Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extracts of selected Jordanian medicinal plants. Pharmacogn Mag 7:320–324. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.90413

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hussan KS, Thayyil MS, Rajan VK, Muraleedharan K (2019) DFT studies on global parameters, antioxidant mechanism and molecular docking of amlodipine besylate. Comput Biol Chem 80:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.03.006

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jakše B, Jakše B, Pajek M, Pajek J (2019) Uric acid and plant-based nutrition. J Nutr 11:1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081736

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Juanda D, Fidrianny I, Wirasutisna KR, Insanu M (2021) Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of three organs of Idat (Cratoxylum glaucum Korth.) and correlation with phytochemical. Pharmacogn Mag 13:971–976. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2021.13.125

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kapoor B, Kaur G, Gupta M, Gupta R (2017) Indian medicinal plants useful in treatment of gout: a review for current status and future prospective. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10:407–416. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20170

Knight S, Mathis W, Graham J (1951) Mineral analysis with flame photometer. Anal Chem 23:1704–1706. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60059a057

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lai SW, Liao KF, Kuo YH, Hwang BF, Liu CS (2023) Comparison of benzbromarone and allopurinol on the risk of chronic kidney disease in people with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Eur J Intern Med 113:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2023.04.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laurindo LF, de Maio MC, Minniti G, de Góes CN, Barbalho SM, Quesada K, Guiguer EL, Sloan KP, Detregiachi CRP, Araújo AC, Goulart RA (2023) Effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in Nrf2 pathways during inflammatory bowel diseases and related colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review. Metabolites 13:243. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020243

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leskovar P, Hartung R, Kratzer M (1980) Correlation between the uric acid and calcium concentration in urine. Results of a long-term study on recurrent stone-formers and healthy controls. Purine Metabolism in Man-III. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 122A:93–98. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9140-5_18

Li MJ, Liu L, Fu Y, Guo QX (2007) Accurate bond dissociation enthalpies of popular antioxidants predicted by the ONIOM-G3B3 method. J Mol Struct THEOCHEM 815:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2007.03.012

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li X, Jin W, Zhang W, Zheng G (2022) The inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and chlorogenic acid derived from Smilax china L. EtOAc fraction on xanthine oxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 213:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.188

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mabrouki L, Rjeibi I, Taleb J, Zourgui L (2020) Cardiac ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat model. Biomed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6583603

Article  PubMed