Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Lip GY, Kirchhof P. What are the costs of atrial fibrillation? Europace. 2011;13(Suppl 2):ii9-12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chung MK, Eckhardt LL, Chen LY, Ahmed HM, Gopinathannair R, Joglar JA, Noseworthy PA, Pack QR, Sanders P, Trulock KM. Lifestyle and risk factor modification for reduction of atrial fibrillation: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2020;141(16):e750–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruddox V, Sandven I, Munkhaugen J, Skattebu J, Edvardsen T, Otterstad JE. Atrial fibrillation and the risk for myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(14):1555–66.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thrall G, Lane D, Carroll D, Lip GY. Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2006;119(5):448.e441-419.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang A, Green JB, Halperin JL, Piccini JP Sr. Atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(8):1107–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ, Gillum RF, Kim YH, McAnulty JH Jr, Zheng ZJ, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation. 2014;129(8):837–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Korantzopoulos P, Kolettis TM. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2005;293(16):1974.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malmberg K, Yusuf S, Gerstein HC, Brown J, Zhao F, Hunt D, Piegas L, Calvin J, Keltai M, Budaj A. Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry. Circulation. 2000;102(9):1014–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, Raz I, Cavender MA, Im K, Mosenzon O, Udell JA, Hirshberg B, Pollack PS, et al. Prognostic implications of biomarker assessments in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(9):989–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koektuerk B, Aksoy M, Horlitz M, Bozdag-Turan I, Turan RG. Role of diabetes in heart rhythm disorders. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(3):45–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lorenzo-Almorós A, Casado Cerrada J, Álvarez-Sala Walther LA, Méndez Bailón M, Lorenzo González Ó. Atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: dangerous liaisons or innocent bystanders? J Clin Med. 2023;12(8):2868.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma D, Verma S, Vaidya S, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Recent updates on GLP-1 agonists: current advancements & challenges. Biomed Pharmacother Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2018;108:952–62.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shi Q, Nong K, Vandvik PO, Guyatt GH, Schnell O, Rydén L, Marx N, Brosius FC 3rd, Mustafa RA, Agarwal A, et al. Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2023;381: e074068.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krishnan A, Schneider CV, Hadi Y, Mukherjee D, AlShehri B, Alqahtani SA. Cardiovascular and mortality outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs other glucose-lowering drugs in individuals with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes: a large population-based matched cohort study. Diabetologia. 2024;67(3):483–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Y, Tai S, Zhang N, Fu L, Wang Y. Dapagliflozin prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction via sirtuin 1 activation. Biomed Pharmacother Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2023;165:115213.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Luna-Marco C, Iannantuoni F, Hermo-Argibay A, Devos D, Salazar JD, Víctor VM, Rovira-Llopis S. Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists through effects on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Free Radical Biol Med. 2024;213:19–35.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, Christodorescu RM, Crawford C, Di Angelantonio E, Eliasson B, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):4043–140.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li W, Chen X, Xie X, Xu M, Xu L, Liu P, Luo B. Comparison of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists for atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2022;79(3):281–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Zhang X, Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Tse G, Gong M, Meng L, Li G, Liu T. Thiazolidinedione use and atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):96.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366: l4898.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS Med. 2021;18(3): e1003583.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ling AW, Chan CC, Chen SW, Kao YW, Huang CY, Chan YH, Chu PH. The risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):188.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ostropolets A, Elias PA, Reyes MV, Wan EY, Pajvani UB, Hripcsak G, Morrow JP. Metformin is associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias compared with sulfonylureas: an observational study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2021;14(3): e009115.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Engström A, Wintzell V, Melbye M, Hviid A, Eliasson B, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Hveem K, Jonasson C, Svanström H, Pasternak B, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment and risk of atrial fibrillation: Scandinavian cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(2):351–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fauchier G, Bisson A, Bodin A, Herbert J, Angoulvant D, Ducluzeau PH, Lip GYH, Fauchier L. Glucose-lowering drug use and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2021;64(11):2602–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou J, Zhang G, Chang C, Chou OHI, Lee S, Leung KSK, Wong WT, Liu T, Wai AKC, Cheng SH, et al. Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Acta Diabetol. 2022;59(5):697–709.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhuo M, D’Andrea E, Paik JM, Wexler DJ, Everett BM, Glynn RJ, Kim SC, Patorno E. Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with incident atrial fibrillation in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10): e2235995.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee S, Zhou J, Leung KSK, Wai AKC, Jeevaratnam K, King E, Liu T, Wong WT, Chang C, Wong ICK, et al. Comparison of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on the risks of new-onset atrial fibrillation, stroke and mortality in diabetic patients: a propensity score-matched study in Hong Kong. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2023;37(3):561–9.

Article  CAS