Juan J, Yang H. Prevalence, prevention, and lifestyle intervention of gestational diabetes mellitus in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:9517.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiefari E, Arcidiacono B, Foti D, Brunetti A. Gestational diabetes mellitus: an updated overview. J Endocrinol Investig. 2017;40:899–909.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Olmedo-Requena R, Gómez-Fernández J, Amezcua-Prieto C, Mozas-Moreno J, Khan KS, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Pre-pregnancy adherence to the mediterranean diet and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Nutrients. 2019;11:1003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mizgier M, Jarzabek-Bielecka G, Mruczyk K. Maternal diet and gestational diabetes mellitus development. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34:77–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tobias DK, Zhang C, Chavarro J, Bowers K, Rich-Edwards J, Rosner B, et al. Prepregnancy adherence to dietary patterns and lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:289–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hassani Zadeh S, Boffetta P, Hosseinzadeh M. Dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;36:1–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schoenaker DA, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Callaway LK, Mishra GD. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: results from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study. Diabetologia. 2015;58:2726–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Izadi V, Tehrani H, Haghighatdoost F, Dehghan A, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets is associated with decreased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr (Burbank, Los Angeles Cty, Calif). 2016;32:1092–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Karamanos B, Thanopoulou A, Anastasiou E, Assaad-Khalil S, Albache N, Bachaoui M, et al. Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68:8–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parlapani E, Agakidis C, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Sarafidis K, Agakidou E, Athanasiadis A, et al. The Mediterranean diet adherence by pregnant women delivering prematurely: association with size at birth and complications of prematurity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32:1084–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li M, Grewal J, Hinkle SN, Yisahak SF, Grobman WA, Newman RB, et al. Healthy dietary patterns and common pregnancy complications: a prospective and longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114:1229–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tranidou A, Dagklis T, Magriplis E, Apostolopoulou A, Tsakiridis I, Chroni V, et al. Pre-pregnancy adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in Greece. Nutrients. 2023;15:848.

Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clin Res ed). 2021;372:n160.

Google Scholar 

Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2011;2:1–12.

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clin Res). 2003;327:557–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Makarem N, Chau K, Miller EC, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Tous I, Booker W, et al. Association of a Mediterranean diet pattern with adverse pregnancy outcomes among US Women. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2248165.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Comas Rovira M, Moreno Baró A, Burgaya Guiu N, Toledo Mesa L, Lesmes Heredia C, Pina Pérez S, et al. The influence of obesity and diet quality on fetal growth and perinatal outcome. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2022;39:1205–11.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song JW, Chung KC. Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126:2234–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Galbete C, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9:1063.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Koenig J, Hoffmann G. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutrition. 2014;1–8:1292–99.

Google Scholar 

Buckland G, González CA, Agudo A, Vilardell M, Berenguer A, Amiano P, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:1518–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tektonidis T, Åkesson A, Gigante B, Wolk A, Larsson S. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risk of heart failure in men. Eur J Heart Failure. 2016;18:253–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, Reguant J, Trichopoulou A, Dernini S, et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14:2274–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Billingsley HE, Carbone S. The antioxidant potential of the Mediterranean diet in patients at high cardiovascular risk: an in-depth review of the PREDIMED. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8:13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, Reynolds CM, Vickers MH. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:3342.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lotfi K, Saneei P, Hajhashemy Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, five-year weight change, and risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Adv Nutr. 2022;13:152–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CS. The effect of the mediterranean diet on metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials in adults. Nutrients. 2020;12:3342.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huo R, Du T, Xu Y, Xu W, Chen X, Sun K, et al. Effects of Mediterranean-style diet on glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes individuals: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69:1200–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitjavila MT, Fandos M, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas M-I, Borrego S, Estruch R, et al. The Mediterranean diet improves the systemic lipid and DNA oxidative damage in metabolic syndrome individuals. A randomized, controlled, trial. Clin Nutr. 2013;32:172–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao Q, Zhong C, Zhou X, Chen R, Xiong T, Hong M, et al. Inverse association of total polyphenols and flavonoids intake and the intake from fruits with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:550–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Catalano PM. The impact of gestational diabetes and maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2010;1:208–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu Y, Ding M, Sampson L, Willett WC, Manson JE, Wang M, et al. Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2020;370:m2206.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho SS, Qi L, Fahey Jr GC, Klurfeld DM. Consumption of cereal fiber, mixtures of whole grains and bran, and whole grains and risk reduction in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:594–619.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo C, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Shan Z, Chen S, Yu M, et al. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:256–69.