From the Department of Surgery (K.K.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Surgery (L.R.T.), Medical City Healthcare, Plano, Texas; Department of Surgery (K.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery (H.M.K., M.E.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery (R.P., M.C.), University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Surgery (T.J.S.), University of Colorado Health, Colorado Springs; and Department of Surgery (M.W.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado.

Submitted: August 30, 2021, Revised: February 6, 2024, Accepted: February 27, 2024, Published online: March 25, 2024.

Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of American Association for the Surgery of Trauma 10-01, 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia as a podium presentation.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).

Address for correspondence: Kali Kuhlenschmidt, MD, University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202; email: [email protected].