1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

3ICES, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

4Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

5Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom

6Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine and Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

8Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

9Evaluative Clinical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

aEmail for corresponding author: [email protected]

Investigation performed at Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Disclosure: This study was supported by a strategic operating grant (21-0000000176) from the Arthritis Society and by ICES, an independent research institute funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The funders and data providers had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/H998).

Disclaimer: The opinions, results, and conclusions reported are those of the authors. No endorsement by ICES, its funders, or the data providers is intended or should be inferred.