Topol EJ (2020) COVID-19 can affect the heart. Science. 2020; 370  (6515) 408-409)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elrobaa IH, New KJ (2021) COVID-19: pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations. Front Public Health 2021 Sep 28:9:711616

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang S, Vignon P, Mekontso-Dessap A, Tran S, Prat G, Chew M et al (2022) Echocardiography findings in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units: a multi-national observational study (the ECHO-COVID study). Intensive Care Med 48(6):667–678

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chaturvedi H, Issac R, Sharma SK, Gupta R (2022) Progressive left and right heart dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19: prospective echocardiographic evaluation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 23(3):319–325

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bleakley C, Singh S, Garfield B, Morosin M, Surkova E, Mandalia MS et al (2021) Right ventricular dysfunction in critically ill COVID-19 ARDS. Int J Cardiol 15(327):251–258

Article  Google Scholar 

Friedberg MK, Redington AN (2014) Right versus left ventricular failure: differences, similarities, and interactions. Circulation 129(9):1033–1044

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rommel KP, Von Roeder M, Oberueck C, Latuscynski K, Besler C, Blazek S et al (2018) Load-independent systolic and diastolic right ventricular function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction as assessed by resting and handgrip exercise pressure–volume loops. Circ Heart Fail 11(2):e004121

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavazzi G, Bergsland N, Alcada J, Price S (2020) Early signs of right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in acute severe respiratory failure: the importance of diastolic restrictive pattern. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 9(6):649–656

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavazzi G, Boffi A, Savioli G, Greco A, Pavesi C, Klersy C et al (2019) Right ventricular total isovolumic time: reference value study. Echocardiography 36(7):1234–1240

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rali AS, Tran LE, Auvil B, Xu M, Huang S, Labrada L et al (2023) Modifiable mechanical ventilation targets are associated with improved survival in ventilated VA-ECLS patients. JACC Heart Fail 11(8):961–968

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chiu LC, Hu HC, Hung CY, Chang CH, Tsai FC, Yang CT et al (2017) Dynamic driving pressure associated mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Intensive Care. 2017; 7: 12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mitchell C, Rahko PS, Blauwet LA, Canaday B, Finstuen JA, Foster MC et al (2019) Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination in adults: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 32(1):1–64

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lang RM, Badano LP, Victor MA, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L et al (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28(1):1-39.e14

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K et al (2010) Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography. Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. 2010 Jul;23(7):685-713;

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Repessé X, Charron C, Vieillard-Baron A (2015) Acute cor pulmonale in ARDS: rationale for protecting the right ventricle. Chest 147(1):259–265

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richter MJ, Hsu S, Yogeswaran A, Husain-Syed F, Vadász I, Ghofrani HA et al (2021) Right ventricular pressure–volume loop shape and systolic pressure change in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 320(5):L715–L725

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duncan AM, O’Sullivan CA, Gibson DG, Henein MY (2001) Electromechanical interrelations during dobutamine stress in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease: comparison of changes in activation and inotropic state. Heart 85(4):411–416

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duncan AM, Francis DP, Gibson DG, Henein MY (2003) Differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of left bundle-branch block. Circulation 108(10):1214–1220

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duncan AM et al (2003) Limitation of cardiac output by total isovolumic time during pharmacologic stress in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: activation-mediated effects of left bundle branch block and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 41(1):121–128

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavazzi G, Kontogeorgis A, Bergsland NP, Price S (2016) Resolution of cardiogenic shock using echocardiography-guided pacing optimization in intensive care: a case series. Crit Care Med 44(8):e755–e761

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavazzi G, Kontogeorgis A, Guarracino F, Bergsland N, Martinez-Naharro A, Pepper J et al (2017) Heart rate modification of cardiac output following cardiac surgery: the importance of cardiac time intervals. Crit Care Med 45(8):e782–e788

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Her C, Frost EA (1999) Assessment of right ventricular function by right ventricular systolic time intervals in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 27(12):2701–2706

Article  Google Scholar 

Van Leeuwen P, Kuemmell HC (1987) Respiratory modulation of cardiac time intervals. Br Heart J 58(2):129–135

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsieh KS, Sanders SP, Colan SD, MacPherson D, Holland C (1986) Right ventricular systolic time intervals: comparison of echocardiographic and Doppler-derived values. Am Heart J 112(1):103–107

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joseph Alpert BS, Rickman FD, Howe JP, Dexter L, Dalen JE, Alpert S et al (1974) Alteration of systolic time intervals in right ventricular failure. Circulation 1974 Aug;50(2):317-23

Article  Google Scholar 

Marcus JT, Gan CTJ, Zwanenburg JJM, Boonstra A, Allaart CP, Götte MJW et al (2008) Interventricular mechanical asynchrony in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Left-to-right delay in peak shortening is related to right ventricular overload and left ventricular underfilling. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(7):750–757

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Noordegraaf AV, Westerhof BE, Westerhof N (2017) The relationship between the right ventricle and its load in pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol.  2017 Jan 17;69(2):236-243https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.047

Article  Google Scholar 

Price LC, Mcauley DF, Marino PS, Finney SJ, Griffiths MJ, Wort SJ (2012) Pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 302:803–815

Article  Google Scholar 

Cullen S, Shore D, Redington A (1995) Characterization of right ventricular diastolic performance after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Restrictive physiology predicts slow postoperative recovery. Circulation 91(6):1782–1789

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huez S, Retailleau K, Unger P, Pavelescu A, Vachiéry JL, Derumeaux G et al (2005) Right and left ventricular adaptation to hypoxia: a tissue Doppler imaging study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol . 2005 Oct;289(4):H1391-8. 

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar