∗Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China

†Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China

Received 3 Nov 2022; first review completed 29 Nov 2022; accepted in final form 5 Dec 2022

Address reprint requests to: Xiaochun Ma, PhD, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, China 110000. E-mail: [email protected]

This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 82102266), the National 14th five-year Key Research and Development Plan (grant 2021YFC2500805 and No. 2021YFC2301802) and the Social Development Program from Shenyang Science and Technology Bureau (grant 20-2-5-4-005).

Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Medical Science Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University ([2015] 2015-113-2). Our study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants or their legal surrogates.

Availability of data and materials: The data sets used and analyzed in the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Author Contributions: Y.S. and X.M. designed research studies; Y.S., C.W., J.F., and J.Z. recruited study participants and conducted experiments; Y.S. and H.S. analyzed the data; X.M. and Y.S. wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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