Sudlow CL, Warlow CP. Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types: results from an international collaboration. International Stroke Incidence Collaboration. Stroke. 1997;28(3):491–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.28.3.491.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qureshi AI, Mendelow AD, Hanley DF. Intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet. 2009;373(9675):1632–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60371-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sacco S, Marini C, Toni D, Olivieri L, Carolei A. Incidence and 10-year survival of intracerebral hemorrhage in a population-based registry. Stroke. 2009;40(2):394–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523209.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poon MT, Fonville AF, Al-Shahi SR. Long-term prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(6):660–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306476.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Zhang L, Wolfe CDA, Wang Y. Incidence and long-term survival of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2022;13(819737):10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.819737.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vázquez Mata G, del Mar Jiménez Quintana M, Rivera Fernández R, et al. Objetivación de la gravedad mediante el sistema APACHE-III aplicado en España [Severity assessment by APACHE III system in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc). 2001;117(12):446–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7753(01)72141-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rivera-Fernández R, Vázquez-Mata G, Bravo M, et al. The Apache III prognostic system: customized mortality predictions for Spanish ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 1998;24(6):574–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340050618.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Draper EA, et al. The APACHE III prognostic system. Risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults. Chest. 1991;100(6):1619–36. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.100.6.1619.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, Malila FM. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV: hospital mortality assessment for today’s critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(5):1297–310. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215112.84523.F0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pelosi P, Ferguson ND, Frutos-Vivar F, et al. Management and outcome of mechanically ventilated neurologic patients. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(6):1482–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821209a8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Valburg MK, Termorshuizen F, Brinkman S, et al. Long-term mortality among ICU patients with stroke compared with other critically Ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(10):e876–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004492.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lakhal K, Sonneville R. Long-term outcomes in stroke patients: staying alive versus I feel good. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(4):e457–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004804.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riem R. Can generic databases solve specific problems? Crit Care Med. 2021;49(4):e458–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004813.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navarrete-Navarro P, Rivera-Fernández R, López-Mutuberría MT, et al. Outcome prediction in terms of functional disability and mortality at 1 year among ICU-admitted severe stroke patients: a prospective epidemiological study in the south of the European Union (Evascan Project, Andalusia, Spain). Intensive Care Med. 2003;29(8):1237–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1755-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Valburg MK, Arbous MS, Georgieva M, Brealey DA, Singer M, Geerts BF. Clinical predictors of survival and functional outcome of stroke patients admitted to critical care. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(7):1085–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003127.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Broessner G, Helbok R, Lackner P, et al. Survival and long-term functional outcome in 1,155 consecutive neurocritical care patients. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9):2025–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000281449.07719.2b.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kiphuth IC, Schellinger PD, Köhrmann M, et al. Predictors for good functional outcome after neurocritical care. Crit Care. 2010;14(4):R136. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9192.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alonso A, Ebert AD, Kern R, Rapp S, Hennerici MG, Fatar M. Outcome predictors of acute stroke patients in need of intensive care treatment. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;40(1–2):10–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000430871.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodríguez-Fernández S, Castillo-Lorente E, Guerrero-Lopez F, et al. Validation of the ICH score in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage admitted to the intensive care unit in Southern Spain. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8): e021719. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021719.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rivera-Fernández R, Guerrero-López F, Rodríguez-Rubio D, et al. Survival analysis of surgically evacuated supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. Neurocirugia (Astur). 2016;27(5):220–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2016.01.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson AE, Pollard TJ, Shen L, et al. MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Sci Data. 2016;3: 160035. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

López-Caler C, García-Delgado M, Carpio-Sanz J, et al. External validation of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 in Spain. Med Intensiva. 2014;38(5):288–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2013.06.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC 3rd, Anderson C, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010;41(9):2108–29. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e3181ec611b.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Huster G. Volume of intracerebral haemorrhage. A powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality. Stroke. 1993;24(7):987–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.24.7.987.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gebel JM, Sila CA, Sloan MA, et al. Comparison of the ABC/2 estimation technique to computer-assisted volumetric analysis of intraparenchymal and subdural hematomas complicating the GUSTO-1 trial. Stroke. 1998;29(9):1799–801. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.29.9.1799.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975;1(7905):480–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92830-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011;20(10):1727–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan L, Xu Q, Li C, Chen X, Bai H. Association between the admission serum bicarbonate and short-term and long-term mortality in acute aortic dissection patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:4183–95. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S321581.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matesanz R, Marazuela R, Domínguez-Gil B, Coll E, Mahillo B, de la Rosa G. The 40 donors per million population plan: an action plan for improvement of organ donation and transplantation in Spain. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(8):3453–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sallinen H, Sairanen T, Strbian D. Quality of life and depression 3 months after intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Behav. 2019;9(5): e01270. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1270.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Christensen MC, Mayer S, Ferran JM. Quality of life after intracerebral hemorrhage: results of the Factor Seven for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke (FAST) trial. Stroke. 2009;40(5):1677–82. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.538967.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jakobsson J, Redebrandt HN, Tobieson L, et al. Long-term functional outcome and quality of life after surgical evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: results from a Swedish Nationwide Cohort. World Neurosurg. 2023;170:e351–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hansen BM, Nilsson OG, Anderson H, Norrving B, Säveland H, Lindgren A. Long term (13 years) prognosis after primary intracerebral haemorrhage: a prospective population based study of long term mortality, prognostic factors and causes of death. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(10):1150–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-305200.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fogelholm R, Nuutila M, Vuorela AL. Primary intracerebral haemorrhage in the Jyväskylä region, central Finland, 1985–89: incidence, case fatality rate, and functional outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(7):546–52.