Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C. A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:263–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam CSP, Donal E, Kraigher-Krainer E, et al. Epidemiology and clinical course of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:18–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:591–602.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Streng KW, Nauta JF, Hillege HL, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Lang CC, Metra M, Ng LL, Ponikowski P, Samani NJ, van Veldhuisen DJ, Zwinderman AH, Zannad F, Damman K, van der Meer P, Voors AA. Non-cardiac comorbidities in heart failure with reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol. 2018;271:132–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Löfman I, Szummer K, Dahlström U, Jernberg T, Lund LH. Associations with and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease in heart failure with preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19:1606–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma K, Hill T, Grams M, Daya NR, Hays AG, Fine D, Thiemann DR, Weiss RG, Tedford RJ, Kass DA, Schulman SP, Russell SD. Outcomes and worsening renal function in patients hospitalized with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116:1534–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joslin JR, Lioudaki E, Androulakis E. Interrelation between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal impairment. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022;23:69.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, Kurella Tamura M, Feldman HI. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(5):713–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF III, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:604–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McKillop DJ, Cairns B, Duly E, Van Drimmelen M, Ryan M. The effect of serum creatinine method choice on estimated glomerular filtration rate determined by the abbreviated MDRD formula. Ann Clin Biochem. 2006;43(Pt 3):220–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pottel H, Hoste L, Dubourg L, Ebert N, Schaeffner E, Eriksen BO, Melsom T, Lamb EJ, Rule AD, Turner ST, Glassock RJ, De Souza V, Selistre L, Mariat C, Martens F, Delanaye P. An estimated glomerular filtration rate equation for the full age spectrum. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2016;31:798–806.

Article  Google Scholar 

Matsushita K, Selvin E, Bash LD, Astor BC, Coresh J. Risk implications of the new Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation compared with the MDRD Study equation for estimated GFR: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55:648–59.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

White SL, Polkinghorne KR, Atkins RC, Chadban SJ. Comparison of the prevalence and mortality risk of CKD in Australia using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) and modification of diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study GFR estimating equations: the AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55:660–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsushita K, Tonelli M, Lloyd A, Levey AS, Coresh J, Hemmelgarn BR, Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Clinical risk implications of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation for estimated GFR. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60:241–249.

Li DY, Yin WJ, Yi YH, Zhang BK, Zhao J, Zhu CN, Ma RR, Zhou LY, Xie YL, Wang JL, Zuo SR, Liu K, Hu C, Zhou G, Zuo XC. Development and validation of a more accurate estimating equation for glomerular filtration rate in a Chinese population. Kidney Int. 2019;95:636–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zamora E, Lupón J, Vila J, Urrutia A, de Antonio M, Sanz H, Grau M, Ara J, Bayés-Genís A. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in heart failure: value of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study-4, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, and cockroft-gault formulas. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1709–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Plischke M, Neuhold S, Kohl M, Heinze G, Sunder-Plassmann G, Pacher R, Hülsmann M. Renal function in heart failure: a disparity between estimating function and predicting mortality risk. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:763–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manzano-Fernández S, Flores-Blanco PJ, Pérez-Calvo JI, Ruiz-Ruiz FJ, Carrasco-Sánchez FJ, Morales-Rull JL. Comparison of risk prediction with the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations in acute decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 2013;19:583–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, Clausell N, Desai AS, Diaz R, Fleg JL, Gordeev I, Harty B, Heitner JF, Kenwood CT, Lewis EF, O'Meara E, Probstfield JL, Shaburishvili T, Shah SJ, Solomon SD, Sweitzer NK, Yang S, McKinlay SM, TOPCAT Investigators. Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1383–1392.

Selvaraj S, Claggett B, Shah SJ, Anand I, Rouleau JL, O’Meara E, Desai AS, Lewis EF, Pitt B, Sweitzer NK, Fang JC, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Prognostic value of albuminuria and influence of spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11: e005288.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310:2191–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO 2012 Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2013(3):1–150.

Google Scholar 

Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB Sr, D’Agostino RB Jr, Vasan RS. Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med. 2008;27:157–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pencina MJ, Demler OV. Novel metrics for evaluating improvement in discrimination: net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvement for normal variables and nested models. Stat Med. 2012;31:101–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, Squire I, Komajda M, Bayes-Genis A, Gotsman I, Whalley G, Earle N, Poppe KK, Doughty RN. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5:309–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valente MA, Hillege HL, Navis G, Voors AA, Dunselman PH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Damman K. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation outperforms the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate in chronic systolic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:86–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casado Cerrada J, Carrasco Sánchez FJ, Pérez-Calvo JI, Manzano L, Formiga F, Aramburu Bodas O, Conde A, Quirós R, Pérez Bocanegra C, Montero-Pérez-Barquero M. Prognostic value of glomerular filtration rate estimation equations in acute heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69:829–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam CSP, Roger VL, Rodeheffer RJ, Borlaug BA, Enders FT, Redfield MM. Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1119–26.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shah AM, Shah SJ, Anand IS, Sweitzer NK, O’Meara E, Heitner JF, Sopko G, Li G, Assmann SF, McKinlay SM, Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Cardiac structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: baseline findings from the echocardiographic study of the treatment of preserved cardiac function heart failure with an aldosterone antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7:104–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, Beck GJ. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11(Suppl):155A.

Google Scholar 

Levey AS, Stevens LA. Estimating GFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Creatinine Equation: more accurate GFR estimates, lower CKD prevalence estimates, and better risk predictions. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55:622–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murata K, Baumann NA, Saenger AK, Larson TS, Rule AD, Lieske JC. Relative performance of the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate among patients with varied clinical presentations. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:1963–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

MuStevens LA, Nolin TD, Richardson MM, et al. Comparison of drug dosing recommendations based on measured GFR and kidney function estimating equations. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54:33–42.

Article  Google Scholar