*Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

†Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN

‡Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

§Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD

∥Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD

¶Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Minneapolis, MN

This project was supported by NIA R01AG066741. N.L.S. was also supported by a career development award from the National Institute on Aging (K76AG059984). C.M.B. was supported by 1K24AG056578 from the National Institute on Aging. The funding sources had no role in the design, methods, subject recruitment, data collection, analysis, and preparation of the paper.

Abstract was also presented at the International Preventing Overdiagnosis meeting in August 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Nancy L. Schoenborn, MD, MHS, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Center Tower Room 703, Baltimore, MD 21224. E-mail: [email protected].

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