Michael J. Shoemaker, PT, DPT, PhD Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49505 (USA). [email protected].

Ashley Van Dam, PT, DPT, CCS Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Katelyn Erickson, PT, DPT Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Jared Gregory, PT, DPT Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Gabrielle Ureste, PT, DPT Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Michael J. Shoemaker, PT, DPT, PhD Corewell Health West Butterworth Campus, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Ashley Van Dam, PT, DPT, CCS Corewell Health West Butterworth Campus, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Katelyn Preston, PT, DPT, CCS Corewell Health West Butterworth Campus, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Amy Griswold, RN, BSN Corewell Health Cardiothoracic Surgery Service, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

The authors have no conflicts of interest and no source of funding to declare.

Submitted for publication: April 6, 2023; accepted for publication December 12, 2023; published online February 13, 2024.

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