Kabbany MN, Conjeevaram Selvakumar PK, Watt K et al (2017) Prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated cirrhosis in the United States: an analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey data. Am J Gastroenterol 112(4):581–587

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang SH, Lee HW, Yoo JJ et al (2021) KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 27(3):363–401

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cotter TG, Rinella M (2020) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease. Gastroenterology 158(7):1851–1864

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J et al (2020) MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 158(7):1999–2014 e1

Lin S, Huang J, Wang M et al (2020) Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD diagnostic criteria in real world. Liver Int 40(9):2082–2089

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS et al (2023) AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 77(5):1797–1835

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mason GM, Lokhandwala S, Riggins T et al (2021) Sleep and human cognitive development. Sleep Med Rev 57:101472

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liew SC, Aung T (2021) Sleep deprivation and its association with diseases- a review. Sleep Med 77:192–204

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fan M, Sun D, Zhou T et al (2020) Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385 292 UK biobank participants. Eur Heart J 41(11):1182–1189

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hisler GC, Twenge JM (2021) Sleep characteristics of U.S. adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 276:113849

Sondrup N, Termannsen AD, Eriksen JN et al (2022) Effects of sleep manipulation on markers of insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 62:101594

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weng Z, Ou W, Huang J et al (2021) Circadian misalignment rather than sleep duration is associated with MAFLD: a population-based propensity score-matched study. Nat Sci Sleep 13:103–111

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fan H, Liu Z, Zhang X et al (2022) Investigating the association between seven sleep traits and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: observational and mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 13:792558

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Takahashi A, Anzai Y, Kuroda M et al (2020) Effects of sleep quality on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 10(10):e039947

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun Z, Ji J, Zuo L et al (2023) Causal relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and different sleep traits: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1159258

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Shang S, Liang W (2023) Sleep and risk of hypertension in general American adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2015–2018). J Hypertens 41(1):63–73

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson CL, Paulose-Ram R, Ogden CL et al (2013) National health and nutrition examination survey: analytic guidelines, 1999–2010. Vital Health Stat 2(161):1–24

Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M (2003) Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms 18(1):80–90

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes (2020). Diabetes Care 43(Suppl 1):S14–s31

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Mancia G et al (2022) Harmonization of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Blood Pressure/Hypertension Guidelines. Eur Heart J 43(35):3302–3311

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Zhang K, Xi Z, Ma Y, Shao C, Wang W, Tang YD (2023) Short sleep duration and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 27(5):1985-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-022-02767-z

Bandyopadhyay A, Sigua NL (2019) What is sleep deprivation? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199(6):P11–P12

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM et al (2015) National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. Sleep Health 1(4):233–243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seo Y, Sung GH, Lee S et al (2022) Weekend catch-up sleep is associated with the alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 27(3):100690

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jang Y, Jun JS, Jung KY (2023) Trends in sleep duration in Korea: the Korean time use survey. Sleep Med 103:24–28

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K et al (2016) The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 25:52–73

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Orr WC, Fass R, Sundaram SS et al (2020) The effect of sleep on gastrointestinal functioning in common digestive diseases. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5(6):616–624

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y et al (2023) Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8(1):218

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Um YJ, Chang Y, Jung HS et al (2021) Sleep duration, sleep quality, and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cohort study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 12(10):e00417

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chou YT, Cheng HJ, Wu JS et al (2018) The association of sleep duration and sleep quality with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Taiwanese population. Obes Res Clin Pract 12(6):500–505

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vilar-Gomez E, Nephew LD, Vuppalanchi R et al (2022) High-quality diet, physical activity, and college education are associated with low risk of NAFLD among the US population. Hepatology 75(6):1491–1506

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim D, Vazquez-Montesino LM, Li AA et al (2020) Inadequate physical activity and sedentary behavior are independent predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 72(5):1556–1568

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim D, Konyn P, Cholankeril G et al (2022) Physical activity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and significant fibrosis measured by FibroScan. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(6):e1438–e1455

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mesarwi OA, Loomba R, Malhotra A (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea, hypoxia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199(7):830–841

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang F, Zou J, Xu H et al (2022) Effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia and chronic sleep fragmentation on gut microbiome, serum metabolome, liver and adipose tissue morphology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:820939

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel SR, Zhu X, Storfer-Isser A et al (2009) Sleep duration and biomarkers of inflammation. Sleep 32(2):200–204

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carroll JE (2016) Sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and experimental sleep deprivation. Biol Psychiatry 80(1):40–52

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu S, Wang X, Zheng Q, Gao L, Sun Q (2022) Sleep deprivation and central appetite regulation. Nutrients 14(24):5196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245196

Chaput JP, McHill AW, Cox RC et al (2023) The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 19(2):82–97

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar