Beluska-Turkan K, Korczak R, Hartell B, et al. Nutritional gaps and supplementation in the first 1000 days. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):1–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122891.
Namazova Baranova L, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Ehrich J. IS-007 European Paediatric Association Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2014;99:A2–A3.
Pietrobelli A, Agosti M. Nutrition in the first 1000 days: ten practices to minimize obesity emerging from Published Science. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121491.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pietrobelli A, Agosti M, Zuccotti G. Putting the barker theory into the future: time to act on preventing pediatric obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111151.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Larqué E, Labayen I, Flodmark C-E, et al. From conception to infancy - early risk factors for childhood obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(8):456–78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0219-1.
Bailey RL, West KP, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1159/000371618.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mattei D, Pietrobelli A. Micronutrients and brain development. Curr Nutr Rep. 2019;8(2):99–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0268-z.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lockyer F, McCann S, Moore SE. Breast milk micronutrients and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113848. Further studies are required to inform policy recommendations and practice and maximise the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for the neurocognitive development of all infants.
• Irvine N, England-Mason G, Field CJ, Dewey D, Aghajafari F. Prenatal folate and choline levels and brain and cognitive development in children: a critical narrative review. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020364. Maternal folate and choline concentrations during pregnancy may play a role in children’s cognitive development.
Picone S, Ritieni A, Fabiano A, et al. Lutein levels in arterial cord blood correlate with neuroprotein activin A in healthy preterm and term newborns: A trophic role for lutein? Clin Biochem. 2018;52:80–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.11.017.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lindbergh CA, Mewborn CM, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond LM, Curran-Celentano JM, Miller LS. Relationship of lutein and zeaxanthin levels to neurocognitive functioning: an fMRI study of older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23(1):11–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617716000850.
Gruszecki WI, Strzałka K. Carotenoids as modulators of lipid membrane physical properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1740(2):108–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.11.015.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wallace TC, Blusztajn JK, Caudill MA, et al. Choline: the underconsumed and underappreciated essential nutrient. Nutr Today. 2018;53(6):240–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000302.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Viswanathan M, Treiman KA, Kish-Doto J, Middleton JC, Coker-Schwimmer EJL, Nicholson WK. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA. 2017;317(2):190–203. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19193.
Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. Vitamins for the first 1000 days: preparing for life. Int J Vitam Nutr Res Int Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung J Int Vitaminol Nutr. 2012;82(5):342–7. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000129.
Rogne T, Tielemans MJ, Chong MF-F, et al. Associations of maternal vitamin B12 concentration in pregnancy with the risks of preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(3):212–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww212.
Chittimoju SB, Pearce EN. Iodine deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;62(2):330–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000428.
Levie D, Korevaar TIM, Bath SC, et al. Association of maternal iodine status with child IQ: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(12):5957–67. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02559.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Beard JL. Why iron deficiency is important in infant development. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2534–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.12.2534.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Greminger AR, Lee DL, Shrager P, Mayer-Pröschel M. Gestational iron deficiency differentially alters the structure and function of white and gray matter brain regions of developing rats. J Nutr. 2014;144(7):1058–66. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.187732.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Zittermann A, Pilz S, Berthold HK. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical intervention trials. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(1):359–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01912-x. Vitamin D supplementation of 400 IU/day is sufficient for achieving 25OHD concentrations able to prevent nutritional rickets.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Saggese G, Vierucci F, Prodam F, et al. Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians. Ital J Pediatr. 2018;44(1):1–40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0488-7.
Ackland ML, Michalczyk AA. Zinc and infant nutrition. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016;611:51–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.011.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Keen CL, Uriu-Hare JY, Hawk SN, et al. Effect of copper deficiency on prenatal development and pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(5 Suppl):1003S-1011S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.5.1003S.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dolk HM, Nau H, Hummler H, Barlow SM. Dietary vitamin A and teratogenic risk: European Teratology Society discussion paper. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999;83(1):31–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00228-0.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Guideline: Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. PMID: 29565522.
Piccoli GB, Clari R, Vigotti FN, et al. Vegan-vegetarian diets in pregnancy: danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review BJOG. 2015;122(5):623–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13280.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
•• Chouraqui JP. Risk assessment of micronutrients deficiency in vegetarian or vegan children: not so obvious. Nutrients. 2023;15(9):2129. PMID: 37432244; PMCID: PMC10180846. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092129. Diets that are more restrictive in animal source foods, such as vegan diets, have a greater likelihood of nutritional deficiencies; vegan and macrobiotic diets should be avoided during pregnancy and childhood.
•• Kiely ME. Risks and benefits of vegan and vegetarian diets in children. Proc Nutr Soc. 2021;80(2):159–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966512100001X. Complete vegan diet for a young child requires substantial commitment, expert guidance, planning, resources an supplementation.
Mariotti F, Gardner CD. Dietary protein and amino acids in vegetarian diets—a review. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112661.
• Simeone G, Bergamini M, Verga MC, et al. Do vegetarian diets provide adequate nutrient intake during complementary feeding? A systematic review Nutrients. 2020;14(17):1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173591. Based on current evidence, vegetarian and vegan diets during the complementary feeding period have not been shown to be safe; there is a need for education and nutrition guidance and the need for supplementation should be assessed individually.
Melina V, Craig W, Levin S. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: vegetarian diets. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(12):1970–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025.
Fewtrell M, Bronsky J, Campoy C, et al. Complementary feeding: a position paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64(1):119–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001454.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Redecilla Ferreiro S, Moráis López A, Moreno Villares JM. [Position paper on vegetarian diets in infants and children. Committee on Nutrition and Breastfeeding of the Spanish Paediatric Association]. An Pediatr. 2020;92(5):306.e1–306.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.10.013
Simeone G, Bergamini M, Verga MC, Cuomo B, D'Antonio G, Iacono ID, Mauro DD, Mauro FD, Mauro GD, Leonardi L, Miniello VL, Palma F, Scotese I, Tezza G, Vania A, Caroli M. Do vegetarian diets provide adequate nutrient intake during complementary feeding? A systematic review. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 31;14(17):3591. PMID: 36079848; PMCID: PMC9459879. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173591.
Kocaoglu C, Akin F, Caksen H, Böke SB, Arslan S, Aygün S. Cerebral atrophy in a vitamin B12-deficient infant of a vegetarian mother. J Health Popul Nutr. 2014;32(2):367–71.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Karcz K, Królak-Olejnik B. Vegan or vegetarian diet and breast milk composition - a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(7):1081–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1753650.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
•• Embleton ND, Jennifer Moltu S, Lapillonne A, et al. Enteral nutrition in preterm infants (2022): a position paper from the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition and Invited Experts. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023;76(2):248–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003642. Updated ESPGHAN CoN consensus-based conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional management for preterm infants.
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents; National Heart, L
留言 (0)