*Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

†Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

‡Department of Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

§Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

The funding agencies played no role in the design or conduct of the study, and no role in data management, data analysis, interpretation of data, or preparation of the manuscript. The REGARDS Executive Committee reviewed and approved this manuscript before submission, ensuring adherence to standards for describing the REGARDS study.

The REGARDS study is co-funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (U01 NS041588). This work was supported by ancillary studies to REGARDS, with funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL135199 and R01HL165452).

L.M.K. is a consultant to Mathematica, Inc. M.R. received fees from the Veterans Biomedical Research Institute. M.F.P. receives grant support from the American Cancer Society, National Institutes of Health, and the Food and Drug Administration, and consulting revenue from Health Canada, the Virginia Foundation for Healthy Youth, and the University of Kentucky’s Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise. L.D.C. and M.M.S. receive funds from Amgen, Inc. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Correspondence to: Lisa M. Kern, MD, MPH, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th Street, Box 331, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: [email protected].

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