Cooper M, Park-Lee E, Ren C, Cornelius M, Jamal A, Jamal KA (2022) Cullen KA (2022) Notes from the field: e-Cigarette use among middle and high school students—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 71(40):1283–1285. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7140a3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pearson JL, Richardson A, Niaura RS, Vallone DM, Abrams DB (2012) e-Cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults. Am J Public Health 102(9):1758–1766. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300526

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olfert IM, DeVallance E, Hoskinson H, Branyan KW, Clayton S, Pitzer CR, Sullivan DP, Breit MJ, Wu Z, Klinkhachorn P, Mandler WK, Erdreich BH, Ducatman BS, Bryner RW, Dasgupta P, Chantler PD (2018) Chronic exposure to electronic cigarettes results in impaired cardiovascular function in mice. J Appl Physiol 124(3):573–582. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00713.2017

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Mahdy MA, Mahgoup EM, Ewees MG, Eid MS, Abdelghany TM, Zweier JL (2021) Long-term electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction similar to tobacco cigarettes: role of nicotine and exposure duration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 320(5):H2112–H2129. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00997.2020

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vlachopoulos C, Ioakeimidis N, Abdelrasoul M, Terentes-Printzios D, Georgakopoulos C, Pietri P, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D (2016) Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 67(23):2802–2803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.569

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benthien J, Meusel M, Cayo Talavera S, Eitel I, Dromann D, Franzen KF (2022) JUULing and heating lead to a worsening of arterial stiffness. Medicines (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines9040028

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzalez JE, Cooke WH (2021) Acute effects of electronic cigarettes on arterial pressure and peripheral sympathetic activity in young nonsmokers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 320(1):H248–H255. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00448.2020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuntic M, Oelze M, Steven S, Kroller-Schon S, Stamm P, Kalinovic S, Frenis K, Vujacic-Mirski K, Bayo Jimenez MT, Kvandova M, Filippou K, Al Zuabi A, Bruckl V, Hahad O, Daub S, Varveri F, Gori T, Huesmann R, Hoffmann T, Schmidt FP, Keaney JF, Daiber A, Munzel T (2020) Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2). Eur Heart J 41(26):2472–2483. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz772

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ben Taleb Z, Dabroy D, Akins J, Nelson MD, Kalan ME, Rezk-Hanna M, Brothers RM (2023) Pod-based e-cigarettes versus combustible cigarettes: the impact on peripheral and cerebral vascular function and subjective experiences. Tob Induc Dis 21:71. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/162366

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee S, Caporale A, Tao JQ, Guo W, Johncola A, Strasser AA, Leone FT, Langham MC, Wehrli FW (2021) Acute e-cig inhalation impacts vascular health: a study in smoking naive subjects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 320(1):H144–H158. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00628.2020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, Bullen C, Nocella C, Violi F, Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Perri L, Peruzzi M, Marullo AGM, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Cammisotto V, Valenti V, Coluzzi F, Cavarretta E, Carrizzo A, Prati F, Carnevale R, Frati G (2019) Acute effects of Heat-Not-Burn, electronic Vaping, and traditional tobacco combustion cigarettes: the Sapienza University of Rome-Vascular assessment of proatherosclerotic effects of smoking (SUR-VAPES) 2 randomized trial. J Am Heart Assoc 8(6):e010455. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.010455

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mohammadi L, Han DD, Xu F, Huang A, Derakhshandeh R, Rao P, Whitlatch A, Cheng J, Keith RJ, Hamburg NM, Ganz P, Hellman J, Schick SF, Springer ML (2022) Chronic e-cigarette use impairs endothelial function on the physiological and cellular levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 42(11):1333–1350. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.317749

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Farsalinos KE, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, Savvopoulou M, Voudris V (2014) Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 14:78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2261-14-78

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Szoltysek-Boldys I, Sobczak A, Zielinska-Danch W, Barton A, Koszowski B, Kosmider L (2014) Influence of inhaled nicotine source on arterial stiffness. Przegl Lek 71(11):572–575

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boakye E, Uddin SMI, Osuji N, Meinert J, Obisesan OH, Mirbolouk M, Tasdighi E, El-Shahawy O, Erhabor J, Osei AD, Rajan T, Patatanian M, Holbrook JT, Bhatnagar A, Biswal SS, Blaha MJ (2023) Examining the association of habitual e-cigarette use with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in young adults: the VAPORS-Endothelial function study. Tob Induc Dis 21:75. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/162327

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Masi S, Rizzoni D, Taddei S, Widmer RJ, Montezano AC, Luscher TF, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM, Paneni F, Lerman A, Lanza GA, Virdis A (2021) Assessment and pathophysiology of microvascular disease: recent progress and clinical implications. Eur Heart J 42(26):2590–2604. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa857

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kenney WL (2017) Edward F. Adolph distinguished lecture: skin-deep insights into vascular aging. J Appl Physiol 123(5):1024–1038. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00589.2017

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kruger A, Stewart J, Sahityani R, O’Riordan E, Thompson C, Adler S, Garrick R, Vallance P, Goligorsky MS (2006) Laser Doppler flowmetry detection of endothelial dysfunction in end-stage renal disease patients: correlation with cardiovascular risk. Kidney Int 70(1):157–164. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001511

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halstead KM, Wetzel EM, Cho JL, Stanhewicz AE (2023) Sex differences in oxidative stress-mediated reductions in microvascular endothelial function in young adult e-cigarette users. Hypertension 80(12):2641–2649. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21684

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morean ME, Krishnan-Sarin S, Sussman S, Foulds J, Fishbein H, Grana R, O’Malley SS (2019) Psychometric evaluation of the e-cigarette dependence scale. Nicotine Tob Res 21(11):1556–1564. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx271

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Foulds J, Veldheer S, Yingst J, Hrabovsky S, Wilson SJ, Nichols TT, Eissenberg T (2015) Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking e-cigarette users. Nicotine Tob Res 17(2):186–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu204

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roustit M, Cracowski JL (2013) Assessment of endothelial and neurovascular function in human skin microcirculation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 34(7):373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.007

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Minson CT (2010) Thermal provocation to evaluate microvascular reactivity in human skin. J Appl Physiol 109(4):1239–1246. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00414.2010

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brunt VE, Minson CT (2012) KCa channels and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids: major contributors to thermal hyperaemia in human skin. J Physiol 590(15):3523–3534. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236398

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lorenzo S, Minson CT (2007) Human cutaneous reactive hyperaemia: role of BKCa channels and sensory nerves. J Physiol 585(Pt 1):295–303. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143867

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cracowski JL, Minson CT, Salvat-Melis M, Halliwill JR (2006) Methodological issues in the assessment of skin microvascular endothelial function in humans. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27(9):503–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Durand S, Tartas M, Bouye P, Koitka A, Saumet JL, Abraham P (2004) Prostaglandins participate in the late phase of the vascular response to acetylcholine iontophoresis in humans. J Physiol 561(Pt 3):811–819. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.069997

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Droog EJ, Henricson J, Nilsson GE, Sjoberg F (2004) A protocol for iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside that minimises nonspecific vasodilatory effects. Microvasc Res 67(2):197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2003.12.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blaise S, Hellmann M, Roustit M, Isnard S, Cracowski JL (2010) Oral sildenafil increases skin hyperaemia induced by iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside in healthy volunteers. Br J Pharmacol 160(5):1128–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00778.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pienaar PR, Micklesfield LK, Gill JM, Shore AC, Gooding KM, Levitt NS, Lambert EV (2014) Ethnic differences in microvascular function in apparently healthy South African men and women. Exp Physiol 99(7):985–994. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078519

Article  CAS  PubMed