Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2021. Available from: http://www.ginasthma.org.

Holgate S, Smith N, Massanari M, Jimenez P. Effects of omalizumab on markers of inflammation in patients with allergic asthma. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009:1728–36.

FitzGerald JM, Bleecker ER, Nair P, Korn S, Ohta K, Lommatzsch M, et al. Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, as add-on treatment for patients with severe, uncontrolled, eosinophilic asthma (CALIMA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;388(10056):2128–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ortega HG, Liu MC, Pavord ID, Brusselle GG, FitzGerald JM, Chetta A, et al. Mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(13):1198–207.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rabe KF, Nair P, Brusselle G, Maspero JF, Castro M, Sher L, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in glucocorticoid-dependent severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(26):2475–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hekking PPW, Wener RR, Amelink M, Zwinderman AH, Bouvy ML, Bel EH. The prevalence of severe refractory asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(4):896–902.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Global Initiative for Asthma(GINA): GINA Difficult-to-treat & Severe Asthma. Diagnosis and Management. ver2.0. 2019. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GINA-Severe-asthma-Pocket-Guide-v2.0-wms-1.pdf.

Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(2):136–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):1006–14.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heinzer R, Vat S, Marques-Vidal P, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(4):310–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kapur VK, Resnick HE, Gottlieb DJ, Sleep Heart Health Study Group. Sleep disordered breathing and hypertension: does self-reported sleepiness modify the association? Sleep. 2008;31(8):1127–32.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Walia HK, Li H, Rueschman M, et al. Association of severe obstructive sleep apnea and elevated blood pressure despite antihypertensive medication use. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10(8):835–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Drager LF, Togeiro SM, Polotsky VY, Lorenzi-Filho G. Obstructive sleep apnea: a cardiometabolic risk in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(7):569–76.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olaithe M, Bucks RS, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR. Cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea: insights from a meta-review and comparison with deficits observed in COPD, Insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:39–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wheaton AG, Perry GS, Chapman DP, Croft JB. Sleep disordered breathing and depression among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008. Sleep. 2012;35(4):461–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mulgrew AT, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA, et al. The impact of obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness on work limitation. Sleep Med. 2007;9(1):42–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Howard ME, Desai AV, Grunstein RR, et al. Sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, and accident risk factors in commercial vehicle drivers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(9):1014–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stoohs RA, Guilleminault C, Itoi A, Dement WC. Traffic accidents in commercial long-haul truck drivers: the influence of sleep-disordered breathing and obesity. Sleep. 1994;17(7):619–23.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antic NA, Catcheside P, Buchan C, et al. The effect of CPAP in normalizing daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and neurocognitive function in patients with moderate to severe OSA. Sleep. 2011;34(1):111–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Romero E, Krakow B, Haynes P, Ulibarri V. Nocturia and snoring: predictive symptoms for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2010;14(4):337–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damianaki. V. Τhe Co-existence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Bronchial Asthma: Revelation of a New Asthma phenotype? J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1476.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;34:70–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Liu K, Hu K, Yang J, Li Z, Nie M, et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on severe asthma exacerbations. Sleep Med. 2016;26(2016):1–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teodorescu M, Barnet JH, Hagen EW, Palta M, Young TB, Peppard PE. Association between Asthma and risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea. JAMA. 2015;313(2):156–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kong D-L, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin H-Y, Wang W, Wang Z-F. Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Asthma: a Meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4088.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yigla M, Tov N, Solomonov A, Rubin AHE, Harlev D. Difficult-to-control Asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Asthma. 2003;40(8):865–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Julien JY, Martin JG, Ernst P, Olivenstein R, Hamid Q, Lemière C, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea in severe versus moderate asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2):371–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakayama-Ashida Y, Takegami M, Chin K, Sumi K, Nakamura T, Takahashi KI, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in the usual lifestyle setting as detected with home monitoring in a population of working men in Japan. Sleep. 2008;31(3):419–25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamagishi K, Ohira T, Nakano H, Bielinski SJ, Sakurai S, Imano H, et al. Cross-cultural comparison of the sleep-disordered breathing prevalence among americans and Japanese. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(2):379–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1992;15(4):376–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

3rd ed. 2014; (American Academy of Sleep Medicine International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Darien. IL American Academy of Sleep Medicine).

Ohta K, Bousquet PJ, Aizawa H, Akiyama K, Adachi M, Ichinose M, et al. Prevalence and impact of rhinitis in asthma. SACRA, a cross-sectional nation-wide study in Japan. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;66(10):1287–95.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kusano M, Shimoyama Y, Sugimoto S, Kawamura O, Maeda M, Minashi K, et al. Development and evaluation of FSSG: frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD. J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(9):888–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kubota M, Kobayashi H, Quanjer PH, et al. Reference values for spirometry, including vital capacity, in Japanese adults calculated with the LMS method and compared with previous values. Respir Investig. 2014;52(4):242–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software EZR for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(3):452–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alkhalil M, Schulman E, Getsy J. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and asthma: what are the links? J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5(1):71–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Togias A. Rhinitis and Asthma: evidence for respiratory system integration. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111(6):1171–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van de Graaff WB. Thoracic influence on upper airway patency. J Appl Physiol. 1988;65(5):2124–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Corey JP, Houser SM, Ng BA. Nasal congestion: A review of its etiology, evaluation, and treatment. Ear, Nose Throat J. 2000;79(9):690–704.

Carpagnano GE, Kharitonov SA, Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Gramiccioni E, Barnes PJ. Increased 8-isoprostane and interleukin-6 in breath condensate ofobstructive sleep apnea patients. Chest. 2002;122(4):1162–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yokoe T, Minoguchi K, Matsuo H, Oda N, Minoguchi H, Yoshino G, et al. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Circulation. 2003;107(8):1129–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teodorescu M, Broytman O, Curran-Everett D, Sorkness RL, Crisafi G, Bleecker ER, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea risk, Asthma Burden, and Lower Airway Inflammation in adults in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) II. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;3(4):566–75e1.