Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Maffulli N. Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions. J Ortho Surg Res. 2014;9:18.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu W, Huang Y, Liu D, Zeng T, Wang J, Li A, et al. Human Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells and nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 promotes angiogenesis and bone regeneration in large bone defect. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022;19:1321–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2007;448:313–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell. 2007;131:861–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karp JM, Ferreira LS, Khademhosseini A, Kwon AH, Yeh J, Langer RS. Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells without the embryoid body step enhances osteogenesis in vitro. Stem Cells. 2006;24:835–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teng S, Liu C, Krettek C, Jagodzinski M. The application of induced pluripotent stem cells for bone regeneration: current progress and prospects. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2014;20:328–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maia FR, Bidarra SJ, Granja PL, Barrias CC. Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties. Acta Biomater. 2013;9:8773–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi R, Huang Y, Ma C, Wu C, Tian W. Current advances for bone regeneration based on tissue engineering strategies. Front Med. 2019;13:160–88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Long F. Building strong bones: molecular regulation of the osteoblast lineage. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011;13:27–38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsushita Y, Ono W, Ono N. Growth plate skeletal stem cells and their transition from cartilage to bone. Bone. 2020;136: 115359.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim J, Hollinger JO. Effects of dual delivery of rhPDGF-BB and rhBMP-2 on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2014;11:143–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Levi B, Hyun JS, Montoro DT, Lo DD, Chan CK, Hu S, et al. In vivo directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for skeletal regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:20379–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tamai N, Myoui A, Hirao M, Kaito T, Ochi T, Tanaka J, et al. A new biotechnology for articular cartilage repair: subchondral implantation of a composite of interconnected porous hydroxyapatite, synthetic polymer (PLA-PEG), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Osteoarthr Cartil. 2005;13:405–17.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ducy P, Karsenty G. The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. Kidney Int. 2000;57:2207–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lo KW, Ulery BD, Ashe KM, Laurencin CT. Studies of bone morphogenetic protein-based surgical repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64:1277–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chrastil J, Low JB, Whang PG, Patel AA. Complications associated with the use of the recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins for posterior interbody fusions of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38:E1020–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR. Bone morphogenetic proteins. Growth Factors. 2004;22:233–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang CJ, Vaccaro AR, Lawrence JP, Hong J, Schellekens H, Alaoui-Ismaili MH, et al. Immunogenicity of bone morphogenetic proteins. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10:443–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Visser R, Rico-Llanos GA, Pulkkinen H, Becerra J. Peptides for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release. 2016;244:122–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang S, Zhao J, Xu S, Li J, Teng Y, Quan D, et al. Bone induction through controlled release of novel BMP-2-related peptide from PTMC11-F127-PTMC11 hydrogels. Biomed Mater. 2012;7:015008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jain A, Jain A, Gulbake A, Shilpi S, Hurkat P, Jain SK. Peptide and protein delivery using new drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Ther Drug. 2013;30:293–329.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kim HK, Kim JH, Park DS, Park KS, Kang SS, Lee JS, et al. Osteogenesis induced by a bone forming peptide from the prodomain region of BMP-7. Biomaterials. 2012;33:7057–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ko E, Yang K, Shin J, Cho SW. Polydopamine-assisted osteoinductive peptide immobilization of polymer scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration by human adipose-derived stem cells. Biomacromol. 2013;14:3202–13.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang M, Deng Y, Zhou P, Luo Z, Li Q, Xie B, et al. In vitro culture and directed osteogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells on peptides-decorated two-dimensional microenvironment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015;7:4560–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Luo Z, Zhao Y. Osteostimulation scaffolds of stem cells: BMP-7-derived peptide-decorated alginate porous scaffolds promote the aggregation and osteo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biopolymers. 2018;109:e23223.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li W, Zheng Y, Zhao X, Ge Y, Chen T, Liu Y, et al. Osteoinductive effects of free and immobilized bone forming peptide-1 on human adipose-derived stem cells. PLoS One. 2016;11: e0150294.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science. 1998;282:1145–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou P, Shi JM, Song JE, Han Y, Li HJ, Song YM, et al. Establishing a deeper understanding of the osteogenic differentiation of monolayer cultured human pluripotent stem cells using novel and detailed analyses. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12:41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Draper JS, Pigott C, Thomson JA, Andrews PW. Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: changes upon differentiation in culture. J Anat. 2002;200:249–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mao SH, Chen CH, Chen CT. Osteogenic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells from human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10:303.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Forsprecher J, Wang Z, Goldberg HA, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminase-mediated oligomerization promotes osteoblast adhesive properties of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Cell Adh Migr. 2011;5:65–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carvalho MS, Silva JC, Hoff CM, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, da Silva CL, et al. Loss and rescue of osteocalcin and osteopontin modulate osteogenic and angiogenic features of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:7496–515.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jing X, Xie B, Li X, Dai Y, Nie L, Li C. Peptide decorated demineralized dentin matrix with enhanced bioactivity, osteogenic differentiation via carboxymethyl chitosan. Dent Mater. 2021;37:19–29.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Senta H, Park H, Bergeron E, Drevelle O, Fong D, Leblanc E, et al. Cell responses to bone morphogenetic proteins and peptides derived from them: biomedical applications and limitations. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009;20:213–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo Z, Zhang S, Pan J, Shi R, Liu H, Lyu Y, et al. Time-responsive osteogenic niche of stem cells: A sequentially triggered, dual-peptide loaded, alginate hybrid system for promoting cell activity and osteo-differentiation. Biomaterials. 2018;163:25–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karner E, Backesjo CM, Cedervall J, Sugars RV, Ahrlund-Richter L, Wendel M. Dynamics of gene expression during bone matrix formation in osteogenic cultures derived from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1790:110–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, Ng K, Zhao R, Cahan P, et al. Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2010;467:285–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar