From the *Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

†Department of Pediatrics, The Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

‡Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Accepted for publication October 30, 2023

Supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare Program, Grant No JPMH21HA1004.

S.K.’s institution has received funding from SK and reports research support to his institution from Pfizer, Emergent BioSolutions, Meissa, CDC, and NIH. Dr. A.S. has received honoraria from MSD, Pfizer, Moderna, Tanabe-Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals, and Biken Co. Ltd. for lectures. Other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Address for correspondence: Hajime Kamiya, MD, PhD, MPH, Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. 162-8640, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]