From the ∗Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

†Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia

‡Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia

§Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Correspondence: Michele M. Carr, DDS, MD, PhD, FRCSC, Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, 1278 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo NY 14209 (e-mail: [email protected]).

The authors disclose no conflict of interest.

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5U54GM104942-04. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The study was supported by the West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (grant F5V03BBR). The Clinical Translational Research Institutional Development Award also funded this project.