AAD. 2018. Cosmetic treatment from unqualified providers may result in complications. American Academy of Dermatology, 16 February 2018. https://www.aad.org/news/cosmetic-procedures.
AMA 2022. Code of Conduct. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/about/code-conduct. Accessed 13 Nov 2023.
Atiyeh, B., and A. Ibrahim. 2020. Aesthetic/cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges: The social media era. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 44 (4): 1375–1377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-01765-4.
Beauchamp, Tom L., and J.F. Childress. 1983. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Beauchamp, Tom L., and Oliver Rauprich. 2016. Principlism. In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, ed. Henk A.M.J. ten Have, 2282–2293. Cham: Springer.
Berkowitz, D. 2017. Botox Nation: Changing the Face of America. New York, NY: NYU Press.
Brender, Y. 2017. Heartbroken mother reveals how her son, 31, died days after having $35,000 plastic surgery in Malaysia that ended in him vomiting, fainting and his wounds bursting open. Daily Mail, 18 December 2017. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5189275/Heartbroken-mother-son-died-surgery-Malaysia.html.
Burd, A. 2021. Gross negligence manslaughter in healthcare: the medico-legal dilemma (part 6) - cosmetic surgery in Hong Kong. PMFA Journal, 15 November 2021. https://www.thepmfajournal.com/blog/post/gross-negligence-manslaughter-in-healthcare-the-medico-legal-dilemma-part-6-cosmetic-surgery-in-hong-kong.
Burnard, P., P. Gill, K. Stewart, E. Treasure, and B. Chadwick. 2008. Analysing and Presenting Qualitative Data. British Dental Journal 204 (8): 429–432. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.292.
Campbell, D. 2023. Nine out of 10 beauty clinics breaking the law by advertising Botox – study. The Guardian, 14 April 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/apr/14/nine-out-of-10-beauty-clinics-breaking-the-law-by-advertising-botox-study.
Carruthers, A., K. Kiene, and J. Carruthers. 1996. Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 34 (5 Pt 1): 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90016-x.
Collier, R. 2012. Professionalism: The privilege and burden of self-regulation. CMAJ 184 (14): 1559–1560. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4286.
Collier, H. 2018. Irresponsible advertising and aggressive inducements persist in aesthetic medicine. Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 7 (7): 382–383. https://doi.org/10.12968/joan.2018.7.7.382.
David, A. 2020. Dangerous aesthetic beauty ‘quack’ doctors. New Strait Times, 28 October 2020. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/10/635913/dangerous-aesthetic-beauty-quack-doctors.
Desai, D.K. 2020. Indian Medical Association v. VP Shantha. Indian Law Portal, 5 October 2020. https://indianlawportal.co.in/indian-medical-association-v-vp-shantha/.
Eaton, M. 1998. Aesthetic concepts. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-M003-1.
Galęba, A., and J.T. Marcinkowski. 2015. Aesthetic medicine¨DA separate field of medicine, as a combination of many medical specialties. Open Journal of Nursing 5 (2): 5. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2015.52019.
Gopalan, N., S. Noor, and M. Mohamed. 2021. The pro-medical tourism stance of Malaysia and how it affects stem cell tourism industry. SAGE Open 11: 215824402110168. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211016837.
Hariz. 2022. M’sian is suing aesthetic doctors RM2.7 million due to botched procedure which deformed his nose. World of Buzz, 4 April 2022. https://worldofbuzz.com/msian-is-suing-aesthetic-doctors-rm2-7-million-due-to-botched-procedure-which-deformed-his-nose/.
Head, J. 2015. The dark side of cosmetic surgery in Thailand. BBC, 17 March 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-31433890.
Health-Tourism, 2022. Health-Tourism.com - a trusted marketplace for Medical Tourism. https://www.health-tourism.com/about/. Accessed 17 Nov 2023.
Hsieh, H.-F., and S.E. Shannon. 2005. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research 15 (9): 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687.
Inayati, N.K. 2019. Asia, the global giant in medical tourism. Inquirer, 20 October 2019. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1179646/asia-the-global-giant-in-medical-tourism.
International Medical Travel Journal. 2014. British woman dies after unlicensed cosmetic surgery in Thailand. LaingBuisson, 19 November 2014. https://www.laingbuissonnews.com/imtj/news-imtj/british-woman-dies-after-unlicensed-cosmetic-surgery-in-thailand/.
Jean-Pierre, P. 2022. Medical error and vulnerable communities. Boston Law Review, 10, 327–392. https://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/files/2022/03/JEAN-PIERRE.pdf. Accessed 17 Mar 2023.
Kapoor, L. 2015. Informed consent in aesthetic surgery. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 8 (3): 173–174. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.167284.
Karthik, K. 2020. Doctor brainwashed my daughter to have plastic surgery, says Chethana Raj’s father. India Today, 20 May 2020. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kannada-television-actor-plastic-surgery-death-doctor-brainwashed-money-chethana-raj-1951611-2022-05-19.
Khoo, Y.-H. 2022. ‘Medical miracle’: Chinese actor re-does cosmetic surgeries, now a legit heartthrob. AsiaOne, 24 March 2022. https://www.asiaone.com/entertainment/ashes-of-love-chinese-actor-lin-haoyang-liao-jinfeng-re-does-cosmetic-surgeries-now-legit-heartthrob.
Kim, S., Arcodia, C., and I. Kim. 2019. Critical success factors of medical tourism: the case of South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(24): 4964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244964.
Klein, J.A. 1995. Tumescent technique chronicles: Local anesthesia, liposuction, and beyond. Dermatologic Surgery 21 (5): 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00212.x.
Kremer, D. 2014. Should you combine multiple cosmetic procedures? Dr Kremer comments. Harley St Aesthetics, 18 July 2014. https://www.harleystreetaesthetics.com/blog/dr-kremers-blog/2014/07/18/should-you-combine-multiple-cosmetic-procedures-dr-kremer-comments.
Lapin, T. 2020. Hong Kong fashion empire heiress dies during ‘illegal’ boob job. New York Post, 12 October 2020. https://nypost.com/2020/10/12/hong-kong-fashion-empire-heiress-dies-during-illegal-boob-job/.
Lazarus, M., and R. Wunderlich, (Writers). 1979. Killing Us Softly. In M. Lazarus, R. Wunderlich, P. Stallone, and J. Vitagliano (Producer). US: Cambridge Documentary Films.
Maio, G. 2011. Ethical considerations in aesthetic medicine. In Laser and IPL Technology in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine, ed. H. Juratli and S. Karsai, 351–356. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
Malaysiakini. 2017. Aussie man’s death after nip and tuck surgeries in M’sia triggers warning. Malaysiakini, 18 December 2017. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/405855.
Marinelli, E., G. Montanari Vergallo, G. Reale, A. di Luca, I. Catarinozzi, S. Napoletano, and S. Zaami. 2016. The role of fillers in aesthetic medicine: Medico-legal aspects. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 20 (22): 4628–4634.
McQuoid-Mason, D.J. 2015.‘Over-servicing’, ‘underservicing’ and ‘abandonment’: what is the law? SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 105, 181–182. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742015000400014&nrm=iso.
Mendelson, B.C. 2008. Aesthetic/cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 32 (6): 840–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-008-9243-6.
Ministry of Health. 2020. Guidelines on the Ethical Aspects of Aesthetic Medical Practice. (Malaysia).
Mousavi, S.R. 2010. The ethics of aesthetic surgery. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 3 (1): 38–40. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.63396.
Nagpal, N. 2017. Should advertising by aesthetic surgeons be permitted? Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 10 (1): 45–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcas.Jcas_77_16.
National Health Services. 2013a. Keogh Report.
National Health Services. 2013b. The Francis Report. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06690/. Accessed 15 Nov 2023.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2000. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9728.
Nejadsarvari, N., and A. Ebrahimi. 2014. Different aspects of informed consent in aesthetic surgeries. World Journal of Plastic Surgery 3 (2): 81–86.
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 2017. Cosmetic procedures: Ethical issues. Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 22 June 2017. https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/publications/cosmetic-procedures/cosmetic-procedures-guide.
NZ Herald. 2018. ‘Trip from hell’: Aussie woman’s plastic surgery horror story shows the dangers of medical tourism. NZ Herald, 22 January 2018. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/trip-from-hell-aussie-womans-plastic-surgery-horror-story-shows-the-dangers-of-medical-tourism/LOXQ4DPWYVIV6S76XORPJM2OSI/.
Park, J-M. 2014. Trouble brewing in South Korea’s plastic surgery paradise. Reuters, 2 November 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-surgery-idCAKBN0IM00F20141102.
Parsa-Parsi, R.W. 2017. The revised Declaration of Geneva: A modern-day physician’s pledge. JAMA 318 (20): 1971–1972. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.16230.
Patton, M.Q. 2014. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice: SAGE Publications.
Pautasso, M. 2013. Ten simple rules for writing a literature review. PLoS Computational Biology 9 (7): e1003149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003149.
Prendergast, P.M., and M.A. Shiffman. 2011. Aesthetic Medicine: Art and Techniques: Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Sacopulos, M.J. 2015. Discharging the problem patient. Modern Asesthetics. https://modernaesthetics.com/articles/2015-jan-feb/discharging-the-problem-patient. Accessed 17 Nov 2023.
Seo, Y., and J. Hollingsworth. 2021. South Korea’s dangerous ghost doctors are putting plastic surgery patients’ lives at risk. CNN, 10 April 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/10/asia/south-korea-ghost-doctors-plastic-surgery-intl-hnk-dst/index.html.
Shiffman, M.A., and A. Di Giuseppe. 2016. Liposuction: Principles and Practice. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Singapore Medical Council. 2016a. Guidelines on Aesthetic Practices for Doctors. https://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/smc/guidelines/guidelines-on-aesthetic-practices-for-doctors-(2016-edition). Accessed 15 Nov 2023.
Singapore Medical Council. 2016b. Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines. https://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider2/guidelines/2016-smc-ethical-code-and-ethical-guidelines---(13sep16).pdf?sfvrsn=80e05587_4. Accessed 15 Nov 2023.
Singapore Medical Council. 2016c. Handbook on Medical Ethics. https://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider2/guidelines/2016-smc-handbook-on-medical-ethics---(13sep16).pdf?sfvrsn=e6dd99df_4. Accessed 15 Nov 2023.
Spear, M. 2010. The ethical dilemmas of aesthetic medicine: what every provider should consider. Plastic Surgical Nursing 30 (3): 152–155. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSN.0b013e3181ee1789. (quiz 156).
Tan, K.B.H. 2007. Aesthetic medicine: A health regulator’s perspective. Clinical Governance: An International Journal 12 (1): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777270710725364.
Tang, L. 2018. Liposuction death: doctor barred from practising medicine, another suspended for 18 months. Today Online, 23 November 2018. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/liposuction-death-doctor-barred-practising-medicine-another-suspended-18-months.
The Retreat Clinic. 2021. How to ensure your aesthetic clinic is licensed and (Malaysia). The Retreat Clinic, 31 May 2021. https://theretreatclinic.com/how-to-ensure-your-aesthetic-clinic-is-licensed-and-certified-malaysia/.
The Star. 2021. Daily slams medical beauty ads giving false hopes. The Star, 15 September 2021. https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/09/15/daily-slams-medical-beauty-ads-giving-false-hopes.
Tseng, Y-H. 2020. Feasibility of self-regulation on the aesthetic medical field: a research based on the practicing medical doctor’s perspective. Master’s Thesis, Lund University. https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/9017538. Accessed 17 Nov 2023.
Varkey, B. 2021. Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice 30 (1): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119.
Widdows, H. 2020. Perfect me: beauty as an ethical ideal. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Wiesing, U. 2009. Ethical aspects of aesthetic medicine. Hautarzt 60 (5): 409–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1715-3.
Wolf, N. 2013. The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women. New York, NY: Random House.
Zack, J. 2022. Chong to sniff out truth behind beauty centre after patient alleges botched nose job. The Star, 31 May 2022. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/05/31/chong-to-sniff-out-truth-behind-beauty-centre-after-patient-alleges-botched-nose-job.
Zim, E., and B. Jones. 2021. Medical treatments for transgender people in the US can cost over $100K, even with insurance. Here’s why they’re so expensive. Insider, 1 April 2021. https://www.insider.com/medical-treatments-transgender-people-america-expensive-2019-7.
留言 (0)