Navigating Artificial Intelligence in Malaysian Healthcare: Research Developments, Ethical Dilemmas, and Governance Strategies

Abdul Manap, N., R. Rahman, and S.N. Salleh. 2022. Health data ownership in Malaysia public and private healthcare: a legal analysis of health data privacy in the age of big data. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 7:33–41. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.730004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Abu Bakar, Narul Najmin. 2023. KPJ, Samsung to drive precision medicine & diagnostics in Malaysia. Business Times, 6 April 2023. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2023/04/896877/kpj-samsung-drive-precision-medicine-diagnostics-malaysia. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Alias, R. A., S. M. Daud, N. S. A. Karim, D. Mansor, A. S. Ariffin, S. N. H. S. Abdullah, A. A. Razelan, H. Selamat, M. Puteh, F. M. Mathew, and S. A. Jamil. 2023. Malaysiua National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021–2025 (AI-RMAP). Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI), 7 Dec 2023. https://airmap.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/AIR-Map-Playbook-final-s.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Ang, Adam. 2021. DOC2US releases smart COVID-19 rapid test system. Mobile Health News, 21 July 2021. https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/asia/doc2us-releases-smart-covid-19-rapid-test-system. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Ariff, Syed Umar. 2023. Law on AI being studied. The Star, 23 July 2023. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/07/23/law-on-ai-being-studied. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

AstraZeneca Malaysia. 2023. AstraZeneca and Institut Kanser Negara partner to introduce AI technology for lung screening. PR Newswire, 25 September 2023. https://www.prnewswire.com/apac/news-releases/astrazeneca-and-institut-kanser-negara-partner-to-introduce-ai-technology-for-lung-screening-301936092.html#:~:text=This%20partnership%20with%20IKN%20is,lung%20conditions%2C%20beyond%20lung%20cancer. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Bajwa, J., U. Munir, A. Nori, and B. Williams. 2021. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming the practice of medicine. Future Healthcare Journal 8 (2): e188–e194. https://doi.org/10.7861/fhj.2021-0095.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bernama. 2018. Malaysia becomes world’s first AI-enabled stethoscope production base. New Strait Times, 30 Jan 2018. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2018/01/330138/malaysia-becomes-worlds-first-ai-enabled-stethoscope-production-base. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Bhattacharyya, M., V.M. Miller, D. Bhattacharyya, and L.E. Miller. 2023. High rates of fabricated and inaccurate references in ChatGPT-generated medical content. Cureus 15 (5): e39238. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39238.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bittker, B. M. 2021. The ethical implications of clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries. Human Rights 46 (4). https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/the-truth-about-science/the-ethical-implications-of-clinical-trials.

BioD Medica. n.d. AliveCor KardiaMobile. https://biodmedica.com/products/alivecor-kardiamobile. Accessed 16 Nov 2024.

Body Vison Medical. 2023. Body Vision Medical strengthens global footprint with four new distribution agreements in April. PR Newswire, 10 May 2023. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/body-vision-medical-strengthens-global-footprint-with-four-new-distribution-agreements-in-april-301819981.html. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Bots Team. 2020. #TECH: AI tech for COVID-19 research at Tunku Azizah Hospital. New Strait Times, 15 April 2020. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/bots/2020/04/584607/tech-ai-tech-covid-19-research-tunku-azizah-hospital. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Celi, L. A., J. Cellini, M. L. Charpignon, E. C. Dee, F. Dernoncourt, R. Eber, W. G. Mitchell, L. Moukheiber, J. Schirmer, J. Situ, J. Paguio, J. Park, J.G. Wawira, S. Yao, and for MIT Critical Data. 2022. Sources of bias in artificial intelligence that perpetuate healthcare disparities-a global review. PLOS Digital Health 1 (3): e0000022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000022.

Chua, H. N., S. F. Wong, Y. Chang, and C. F. Libaque-Saenz. 2017. Unveiling the coverage patterns of newspapers on the personal data protection act. Government Information Quarterly 34 (2): 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.02.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cisco. 2023. Cybersecurity Readiness Index: Resilience in a Hybrid World. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/en_us/products/security/cybersecurity-reports/cybersecurity-readiness-index/2023/cybersecurity-readiness-index-report.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

CodeBlue. 2019. Almost 20,000 Malaysian medical records, 1.2mil scan images found online. CodeBlue, 18 Sept 2019. https://codeblue.galencentre.org/2019/09/18/almost-20000-malaysian-medical-records-1-2mil-scan-images-found-online/. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

CodeBlue. 2023. Audit: MySejahtera data breach affected three million users. CodeBlue, 16 February 2023. https://codeblue.galencentre.org/2023/02/16/audit-mysejahtera-data-breach-affected-three-million-users/. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Cohen, I. Glenn. 2020. Informed consent and medical Artificial Intelligence: What to tell the patient? Georgetown Law Journal 108 (6): 1425–1469. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3529576.

Croke, K., M.B. Mohd Yusoff, Z. Abdullah, A.N. Mohd Hanafiah, K. Mokhtaruddin, E.S. Ramli, N.F. Borhan, Y. Almodovar-Diaz, R. Atun, and A.K. Virk. 2019. The political economy of health financing reform in Malaysia. Health Policy and Planning 34 (10): 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz089.

Article  Google Scholar 

Durán, Juan Manuel, D., and Karin Rolanda, Jongsma. 2021. Who is afraid of black box algorithms? On the epistemological and ethical basis of trust in medical AI. Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (5): 329. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106820.

Article  Google Scholar 

Esmaeilzadeh, P., T. Mirzaei, and S. Dharanikota. 2021. Patients’ perceptions toward human-artificial intelligence interaction in health care: Experimental study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (11): e25856. https://doi.org/10.2196/25856.

Article  Google Scholar 

European Union. 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union 59 (1): 1–88. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679. Accessed 16 Nov 2024.

Franzen, S. R., C. Chandler, S. Siribaddana, J. Atashili, B. Angus, and T. Lang. 2017. Strategies for developing sustainable health research capacity in low and middle-income countries: a prospective, qualitative study investigating the barriers and enablers to locally led clinical trial conduct in Ethiopia, Cameroon and Sri Lanka. BMJ Open 7 (10): e017246. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017246

Fritsch, S.J., A. Blankenheim, A. Wahl, P. Hetfeld, O. Maassen, S. Deffge, J. Kunze, R. Rossaint, M. Riedel, G. Marx, and J. Bickenbach. 2022. Attitudes and perception of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a cross-sectional survey among patients. Digital Health 8: 20552076221116772. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221116772.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gnaneswaran, Dashika. 2017. BP Healthcare’s Doctor2U partners with Microsoft for its digital transformation journey. Microsoft Malaysia, 24 May 2017. https://news.microsoft.com/en-my/2017/05/24/bp-healthcares-doctor2u-partners-microsoft-digital-transformation-journey/ . Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Hasan, A.A. 2021. Naluri Hidup to expand AI-augmented health coaching business overseas. Bernama, 17 June 2021. https://www.bernama.com/en/business/news.php?id=1972985. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Henderson, James. 2020. Huawei strikes COVID-19 cloud pact with Ministry of Health in Malaysia. Channel Asia, 11 April 2020. https://www.channelasia.tech/article/1269700/huawei-strikes-covid-19-cloud-pact-with-ministry-of-health-in-malaysia.html#:~:text=Huawei%20has%20joined%20forces%20with,artificial%20intelligence%20(AI)%20technologies. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Hui-Jia, Yee, Boo, Ivan, K. T. Tan Ian, Tan, Jih Soong, and Zakariah, Helmi. 2023. Determining latent features and forecasting of COVID-19 hospitalisations in Malaysia using a national patient assessment data platform: a study of machine learning modelling against expert system. medRxiv 2023.01.17.22281858. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.17.22281858. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Jackson, Chris. 2022. Global opinions about AI vary depending on countries' level of development. Ipsos, 5 January 2022. https://www.ipsos.com/en/global-opinions-about-ai-january-2022. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Jalil, Asila. 2023. Nova MSC collaborates with Theta Edge to promote AI solutions in Malaysia, ASEAN. New Strait Times, 31 January 2023. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2023/01/875294/nova-msc-collaborates-theta-edge-promote-ai-solutions-malaysia-asean. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Kandasivam, Anushia. 2017. KPJ healthcare adopts IBM Watson for oncology. Digital News Asia, 28 November 2017. https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/business/kpj-healthcare-adopts-ibm-watson-oncology#:~:text=MALAYSIAN%20healthcare%20group%20KPJ%20Healthcare,to%20adopt%20Watson%20for%20oncology. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Kanse, A. S., N. C. Kurian, H. P. Aswani, Z. Khan, P. H. Gann, S. Rane, and A. Sethi. 2022. Cautious artificial intelligence improves outcomes and trust by flagging outlier cases. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 6:e2200067. https://doi.org/10.1200/CCI.22.00067.

Article  Google Scholar 

Katirai, Amelia. 2023. The ethics of advancing artificial intelligence in healthcare: analyzing ethical considerations for Japan’s innovative AI hospital system. Frontiers in Public Health 11: 1142062. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142062. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Kuek Ser, Kwang Zhe. 2021. Making inroads into healthcare with AI. The Edge Malaysia, 31 August 2021. https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/making-inroads-healthcare-ai. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Kwong, J. C. C., L. Erdman, A. Khondker, M. Skreta, A. Goldenberg, M. D. McCradden, A. J. Lorenzo, and M. Rickard. 2022. The silent trial - the bridge between bench-to-bedside clinical AI applications. Frontiers in Digital Health 4:929508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.929508.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liang, W., M. Yuksekgonul, Y. Mao, E. Wu, and J. Zou. 2023. GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers. Patterns 4 (7): 100779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2023.100779.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lim, Balqis. 2019. Data-driven dentistry brings standardization to oral care. News Strait Times, 16 December 2019. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/bots/2019/12/548272/data-driven-dentistry-brings-standardisation-oral-care. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Lim, Jotham. 2021. Medtech: no more pins and needles in blood glucose testing. The Edge Malaysia, 19 July 2021. https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/medtech-no-more-pins-and-needles-blood-glucose-testing. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

MacIntyre, M. R., R. G. Cockerill, O. F. Mirza, and J. M. Appel. 2023. Ethical considerations for the use of artificial intelligence in medical decision-making capacity assessments. Psychiatry Research 328:115466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115466.

Mahshar, M. N., and H. H. Ijlal. 2019. Shared Prosperity Vision 2030, Restructuring Malaysia's Development Prioritie. Ministry of Economic Affairs Malaysia, 5 October 2019. https://www.ekonomi.gov.my/sites/default/files/2020-02/Shared%20Prosperity%20Vision%202030.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Maslej, N., L. Fattorini, E. Brynjolfsson, J. Etchemendy, K. Ligett, T. Lyons, J. Manyika, H. Ngo, J.C. Niebles, V. Parli, Y. Shoham, R. Wald, J. Clark, and R. Perrault. 2023. The AI Index 2023 Annual Report. AI Index Steering Committee, Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University. https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/HAI_AI-Index-Report_2023.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

McCradden, M. D., J. A. Anderson, A. E. Stephenson, E. Drysdale, L. Erdman, A. Goldenberg, and R. Zlotnik Shaul. 2022. A research ethics framework for the clinical translation of healthcare machine learning. American Journal of Bioethics 22(5): 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.2013977.

Md Raus, M.I., I.H. Md Tah, and S. Yahya. 2014. Awareness on legal rights and data protection in SNS: the case of Facebook in countryside campus. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012, 161–169. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-077-3_18.

Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2023. Health White Paper for Malaysia. https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/Penerbitan/Penerbitan%20Utama/Kertas%20Putih%20Kesihatan/Kertas_Putih_Kesihatan_(ENG)_compressed.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2024.

NST Business. 2022. Nova MSC collaborates with AMO, RCS to bring SELENA+ adoption to Malaysia. New Straits Times, 17 February 2022. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2022/02/772305/nova-msc-collaborates-amo-rcs-bring-selena-adoption-malaysia. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

OECD. 2024. Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence, OECD/LEGAL/0449. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/api/print?ids=648&lang=en. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Peng, M. L., J. A. Wickersham, F. L. Altice, R. Shrestha, I. Azwa, X. Zhou, M. A. A. Halim, W. M. Ikhtiaruddin, V. Tee, A. Kamarulzaman, and Z. Ni. 2022. Formative evaluation of the acceptance of HIV prevention artificial intelligence chatbots by men who have sex with men in Malaysia: focus group study. JMIR Formative Research 6 (10): e42055. https://doi.org/10.2196/42055.

Article  Google Scholar 

Price, W. N., II, S. Gerke, and I. G. Cohen. 2019. Potential liability for physicians using artificial intelligence. JAMA 322 (18): 1765–1766. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.15064.

Article  Google Scholar 

publiCT.io. 2022.Alpha IVF takes fertility treatment to the next level: using artificial intelligence for in-vitro fertilisation with 25% improvement in accuracy. publiCT.io, 20 July 2022. https://publict.io/2022/07/20/alpha-ivf-takes-fertility-treatment-to-the-next-level-using-artificial-intelligence-for-in-vitro-fertilisation-with-25-improvement-in-accuracy/. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Reffien, M., M. Alimin, E. M. Selamat, H. N. M. Sobri, M. F. M. Hanan, M. I. Abas, M. F. M. Ishak, N. A. Azit, et al. 2021. Physicians’ attitude towards artificial intelligence in medicine, their expectations and concerns: an online mobile survey. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21 (1): 181–189. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.1/art.742.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rogerson, A., E. Hankins, P. F. Nettel, and S. Rahim. 2022. Government AI Readiness Index 2022. Oxford Insights, 12 December 2022. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2023-01/Government_AI_Readiness_2022_FV.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Saripan, H., N. Putera, R. Abu Hassan, and S. Abdullah. 2021. Artificial intelligence and medical negligence in Malaysia: confronting the informed consent dilemma. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 11 (11): 293–302. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i11/11254.

Article  Google Scholar 

Schaarup, Jonas F.R., Ravi Aggarwal, Else-Marie Dalsgaard, Kasper Norman, Ole Lindgård Dollerup, Hutan Ashrafian, Daniel R. Witte, Annelli Sandbæk, and Adam Hulman. 2023. Perception of artificial intelligence-based solutions in healthcare among people with and without diabetes: a cross-sectional survey from the health in Central Denmark cohort. Diabetes Epidemiology and Management 9: 100114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deman.2022.100114. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Seow, Victor. 2017. Watch out aedes, here comes AI. Buletin Mutiara, 28 December 2017. https://www.buletinmutiara.com/watch-out-aedes-here-comes-ai/. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Shaharul, N. A., M. I. Ahmad Zamzuri, A. A. Ariffin, A. Z. F. Azman, and N. K. Mohd Ali. 2023. Digitalisation medical records: improving efficiency and reducing burnout in healthcare. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20 (4): 3441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043441.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shairi, Ili Syazwani. 2021. Robots to the rescue: regulation of artificial intelligence in healthcare in Malaysia. AzmiLaw, 12 August 2021. https://www.azmilaw.com/insights/robots-to-the-rescue-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare-in-malaysia/. Accessed 27 Mar 2024.

Siemens Healthineers Malaysia. 2021. HMI Group and Siemens Healthineers sign strategic partnership to advance healthcare delivery in Malaysia. https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-my/press-room/press-features/hmi-group-partnership#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20this%20RM100,Mahkota%20and%20Regency%20in%20Malaysia . Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Sim, T.E. 2023. Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care collaborates with Annalise.ai and Amazon Web Services (AWS) to deploy artificial intelligence (AI) tool for clinicians to enhance patient care. Health Matters, 30 July 2023. https://www.healthmatters.com.my/ramsay-sime-darby-health-care-collaborates-with-annalise-ai-and-amazon-web-services-aws-to-deploy-artificial-intelligence-ai-tool-for-clinicians-to-enhance-patient-care/. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

Tatman, Rachael. 2017. Gender and dialect bias in YouTube’s automatic captions. In Proceedings of the first ACL workshop on ethics in natural language processing, edited by Dirk Hovy, Shannon Spruit, Margaret Mitchell, Emily M. Bender, Michael Strube, and Hanna Wallach, 53–59. Valencia: Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W17-1606.

The Edge Malaysia. 2023. NEWS: Philips on advancing smart healthcare in Malaysia. https://theedgemalaysia.com/edge-tv-detail?id=node/682757. Accessed 20 Mar 2024.

TNGlobal. 2022. Singapore biotech firm NalaGenetics raises $12.6M series a funding co-led by Intudo Ventures and Vulcan Capital. TechNode Global, 5 Mach 2022.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif