American Association for Public Opinion Research: Standard Definitions. AAPOR, Alexandria (2016)

Google Scholar 

Brown, E.M., Olson, L.T., Farrelly, M.C., Nonnemaker, J.M., Battles, H., Hampton, J.: Comparing response rates, costs, and tobacco-related outcomes across phone, mail, and online surveys. Surv. Pract. 11, 1–18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.29115/SP-2018-0029

Article  Google Scholar 

Callas, P.W., Solomon, L.J., Hughes, J.R., Livingston, A.E.: The influence of response mode on study results: offering cigarette smokers a choice of postal or online completion of a survey. J. Med. Internet Res. 12, e46 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1414

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Christensen, A.I., Ekholm, O., Kristensen, P.L., Larsen, F.B., Vinding, A.L., Glümer, C., Juel, K.: The effect of multiple reminders on response patterns in a Danish health survey. Eur. J. Public Health 25, 156–161 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku057

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Degner, L.F., Sloan, J.A., Venkatesh, P.: The control preferences scale. Can. J. Nurs. Res. Rev. Can. Rech. Sci. Infirm. 29, 21–43 (1997)

CAS  Google Scholar 

Dillman, D.A.: The promise and challenge of pushing respondents to the Web in mixed-mode surveys. Surv. Methodol. 43, 3–30 (2017)

Google Scholar 

Dolnicar, S., Laesser, C., Matus, K.: Online versus paper: format effects in tourism surveys. J. Travel Res. 47, 295–316 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508326506

Article  Google Scholar 

Ebert, J.F., Huibers, L., Christensen, B., Christensen, M.B.: Paper- or web-based questionnaire invitations as a method for data collection: cross-sectional comparative study of differences in response rate, completeness of data, and financial cost. J. Med. Internet Res. 20, e24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8353

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fowler, F.J., Cosenza, C., Cripps, L.A., Edgman-Levitan, S., Cleary, P.D.: The effect of administration mode on CAHPS survey response rates and results: a comparison of mail and web-based approaches. Health Serv. Res. 54, 714–721 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13109

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Greenlaw, C., Brown-Welty, S.: A comparison of web-based and paper-based survey methods: testing assumptions of survey mode and response cost. Eval. Rev. 33, 464–480 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X09340214

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo, Y., Kopec, J.A., Cibere, J., Li, L.C., Goldsmith, C.H.: Population survey features and response rates: a randomized experiment. Am. J. Public Health 106, 1422–1426 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303198

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harris, P.A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., Conde, J.G.: Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J. Biomed. Inform. 42, 377–381 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Janssen, E.M., Hauber, A.B., Bridges, J.F.P.: Conducting a Discrete-choice experiment study following recommendations for good research practices: an application for eliciting patient preferences for diabetes treatments. Value Health 21, 59–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.07.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karahalios, A., Baglietto, L., Carlin, J.B., English, D.R., Simpson, J.A.: A review of the reporting and handling of missing data in cohort studies with repeated assessment of exposure measures. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 12, 96 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-96

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kelfve, S., Kivi, M., Johansson, B., Lindwall, M.: Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 20, 252 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01138-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kongsved, S.M., Basnov, M., Holm-Christensen, K., Hjollund, N.H.: Response rate and completeness of questionnaires: a randomized study of internet versus paper-and-pencil versions. J. Med. Internet Res. 9, e25 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9.3.e25

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Link, M.W., Mokdad, A.H.: Alternative modes for health surveillance surveys: an experiment with web, mail, and telephone. Epidemiology 16, 701–704 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000172138.67080.7f

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McMaster, H.S., LeardMann, C.A., Speigle, S., Dillman, D.A.: An experimental comparison of web-push vs. paper-only survey procedures for conducting an in-depth health survey of military spouses. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 17, 73 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0337-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mlikotic, R., Parker, B., Rajapakshe, R.: Assessing the effects of participant preference and demographics in the usage of web-based survey questionnaires by women attending screening mammography in British Columbia. J. Med. Internet Res. 18, e70 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5068

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patrick, M.E., Couper, M.P., Parks, M.J., Laetz, V., Schulenberg, J.E.: Comparison of a web-push survey research protocol with a mailed paper and pencil protocol in the monitoring the future panel survey. Addiction 116, 191–199 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15158

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pyne, J.M., Kelly, P.A., Fischer, E.P., Miller, C.J., Wright, P., Zamora, K., Koenig, C.J., Stanley, R., Seal, K., Burgess, J.F., Fortney, J.C.: Development of the perceived access inventory: a patient-centered measure of access to mental health care. Psychol. Serv. 17, 13–24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000235

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

RAND Corporation: A product of the CMS alliance to modernize healthcare federally funded research and development center centers for medicare and medicaid services (CMS) (2015)

Rose, A., Peters, N., Shea, J.A., Armstrong, K.: Development and testing of the health care system distrust scale. J. Gen. Internal Med. 19, 57–63 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.21146.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Rübsamen, N., Akmatov, M.K., Castell, S., Karch, A., Mikolajczyk, R.T.: Comparison of response patterns in different survey designs: a longitudinal panel with mixed-mode and online-only design. Emerg. Themes Epidemiol. 14, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-017-0058-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scherer, L.D., Caverly, T.J., Burke, J., Zikmund-Fisher, B.J., Kullgren, J.T., Steinley, D., McCarthy, D.M., Roney, M., Fagerlin, A.: Development of the medical maximizer-minimizer scale. Health Psychol. 35, 1276–1287 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000417

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sjetne, I.S., Iversen, H.H., Holmboe, O., Helgeland, J.: Response probabilities and response-mode preferences in a self-administered survey. BMC. Res. Notes 12, 289 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4328-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

US Department of Veterans Affairs: Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (2015)

VA Information Resource Center (VIReC): VHA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) (2022a)

VA Information Resource Center (VIReC): Community Care for Veterans (2022b)

Zuidgeest, M., Hendriks, M., Koopman, L., Spreeuwenberg, P., Rademakers, J.: A comparison of a postal survey and mixed-mode survey using a questionnaire on patients’ experiences with breast care. J. Med. Internet Res. 13, e68 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1241

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar