Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;183:109119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ADA. 5. Lifestyle management: standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Supplement 1):S46–60. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-s005.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hilliard ME, Powell PW, Anderson BJ. Evidence-based behavioral interventions to promote diabetes management in children, adolescents, and families. Am Psychol. 2016;71(7):590–601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040359.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stetson B, Minges KE, Richardson CR. New directions for diabetes prevention and management in behavioral medicine. J Behav Med. 2017;40(1):127–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9802-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huffman JC, Dubois CM, Millstein RA, Celano CM, Wexler D. Positive psychological interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes: rationale, theoretical model, and intervention development. J Diabetes Res. 2015;2015:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/428349.

Article  Google Scholar 

Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M. Positive psychology: an introduction. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seligman MEP, Rashid T, Parks AC. Positive psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 2006;61(8):774–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.61.8.774.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pressman SD, Cohen S. Does positive affect influence health? Psychol Bull. 2005;131(6):925–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.925.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fredrickson BL, Branigan C. Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cogn Emot. 2005;19(3):313–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kent D, Haas L, Randal D, Lin E, Thorpe CT, Boren SA, et al. Healthy coping: issues and implications in diabetes education and care. Popul Health Manag. 2010;13(5):227–33. https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2009.0065.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Khawaldeh OA, Al-Hassan MA, Froelicher ES. Self-efficacy, self-management, and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabet Complicat. 2012;26(1):10–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yao J, Wang H, Yin X, Yin J, Guo X, Sun Q. The association between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(11):e0224869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224869.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tharek Z, Ramli AS, Whitford DL, Ismail Z, MohdZulkifli M, Ahmad Sharoni SK, et al. Relationship between self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Malaysian primary care setting. BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-018-0725-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Iannotti RJ, Schneider S, Nansel TR, Haynie DL, Plotnick LP, Clark LM, et al. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and diabetes self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006;27(2):98–105. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200604000-00003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo J, Yang J, Wiley J, Ou X, Zhou Z, Whittemore R. Perceived stress and self-efficacy are associated with diabetes self-management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a moderated mediation analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(12):3544–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14179.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee Duckworth A, Steen TA, Seligman MEP. Positive psychology in clinical practice. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1(1):629–51. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sin NL, Lyubomirsky S. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2009;65(5):467–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E. The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychol Bull. 2005;131(6):803–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bolier L, Haverman M, Westerhof GJ, Riper H, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E. Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-119.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

•• Carr A, Cullen K, Keeney C, Canning C, Mooney O, Chinseallaigh E, et al. Effectiveness of positive psychology interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Posit Psychol. 2021;16(6):749–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818807. This meta-analysis of 347 studies (including over 72000 clinical and non-clinical populations) found that PPIs had a significant small to medium effect on wellbeing, strengths, QoL, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Article  Google Scholar 

DuBois CM, Millstein RA, Celano CM, Wexler DJ, Huffman JC. Feasibility and acceptability of a positive psychological intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes. Primary Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016;18(3):27111. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.15m01902.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huffman JC, Beale EE, Celano CM, Beach SR, Belcher AM, Moore SV, et al. Effects of optimism and gratitude on physical activity, biomarkers, and readmissions after an acute coronary syndrome. Circ: Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2016;9(1):55–63. https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002184.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Feig EH, Madva EN, Millstein RA, Zambrano J, Amonoo HL, Longley RM, et al. Can positive psychological interventions improve health behaviors? A systematic review of the literature. Prev Med. 2022;163:107214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107214. This systematic review of 27 studies examines the existing literature on positive psychological interventions (PPIs) and their potential to improve health behavior adherence. The review focuses on studies that measured physical activity, medication adherence, diet, and smoking habits.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogedegbe GO. A randomized controlled trial of positive-affect intervention and medication adherence in hypertensive African Americans. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(4):322. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1307.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peterson JC. A randomized controlled trial of positive-affect induction to promote physical activity after percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(4):329. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1311.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anderson BJ, Svoren B, Laffel L. Initiatives to promote effective self-care skills in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Dis Manag Health Out. 2007;15(2):101–8. https://doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200715020-00005.

Article  Google Scholar 

• Davis J, Fischl AH, Beck J, Browning L, Carter A, Condon JE, et al. 2022 National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(2):484–94. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2396. The 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support provide a comprehensive list of the key components of DSMES, which include assessment of educational needs, individualized education and support, ongoing support, and evaluation of outcomes. These components are further broken down into specific standards and criteria that DSMES programs should meet to ensure high-quality care.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrari R. Writing narrative style literature reviews. Med Writ. 2015;24(4):230–5. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jaser SS, Patel N, Rothman RL, Choi L, Whittemore R. Check It! A randomized pilot of a positive psychology intervention to improve adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(5):659–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721714535990.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jaser SS, Whittemore R, Choi L, Nwosu S, Russell WE. Randomized trial of a positive psychology intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2019;44(5):620–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz006.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hilliard ME, Cao VT, Eshtehardi SS, Minard CG, Saber R, Thompson D, et al. Type 1 doing well: pilot feasibility and acceptability study of a strengths-based mHealth app for parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22(11):835–45. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2020.0048.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Hamburger E, Kahanda S, Lyttle M, Williams R, Jaser SS. Engagement with a text-messaging intervention improves adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: brief report. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018;20(5):386–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2018.0015.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huffman JC, Golden J, Massey CN, Feig EH, Chung WJ, Millstein RA, et al. A positive psychology-motivational interviewing intervention to promote positive affect and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: the BEHOLD-8 controlled clinical trial. Psychosom Med. 2020;82(7):641–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000840.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huffman JC, Golden J, Massey CN, Feig EH, Chung W-J, Millstein RA, et al. A positive psychology-motivational interviewing program to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes: the BEHOLD-16 pilot randomized trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2021;68:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.001.

Article  PubMed