Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diverse. They include amongst others ischemic heart disease, heart failure, many other heart and vascular diseases, such as peripheral arterial disease and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases are a global health and economic burden due to their high morbidity and mortality [1, 2, 3]. According to the WHO, hypertension alone affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Heart failure affects more than 20 million people annually.

cAMP is a second messenger that translates the meanings of first messengers, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, into cellular responses by regulating key processes [4]. In the heart, it mediates the β-adrenoceptor (AR)-elicited flight or fight response by increasing inotropy and chronotropy of cardiomyocytes [5]. In the vasculature, cAMP affects the contraction/relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), their proliferation and shape. Various aspects of cAMP signaling may be altered in cardiovascular diseases. For instance, in heart failure dysregulation of cAMP signaling contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, in the vasculature to stenosis and it modifies responses to vascular trauma and hypoxia [6, 7, 8].