Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019.
Ziaeian B, Fonarow GC. Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13:368–78. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.25.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bozkurt B, Hershberger RE, Butler J, Grady KL, Heidenreich PA, Isler ML, Kirklin JK, Weintraub WS. 2021 ACC/AHA key data elements and definitions for heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Heart Failure). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2021;14:e00102. https://doi.org/10.1161/HCQ.0000000000000102.
Hartupee J, Mann DL. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:30–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Konstam MA, Kramer DG, Patel AR, Maron MS, Udelson JE. Left ventricular remodeling in heart failure: current concepts in clinical significance and assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.10.008.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, Falk V, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Harjola VP, Jankowska EA, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:891–975. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.592.
Parikh KS, Lippmann SJ, Greiner M, Heidenreich PA, Yancy CW, Fonarow GC, Hernandez AF. Scope of sacubitril/valsartan eligibility after heart failure hospitalization: findings from the GWTG-HF Registry (Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure). Circulation. 2017;135:2077–80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027773.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fonarow GC, Stough WG, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, O’Connor CM, Sun JL, Yancy CW, Young JB, et al. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: a report from the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:768–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.064.
Caraballo C, Desai NR, Mulder H, Alhanti B, Wilson FP, Fiuzat M, Felker GM, Pina IL, O’Connor CM, Lindenfeld J, et al. Clinical implications of the New York Heart Association Classification. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:4240. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.014240.
van der Meer P, Gaggin HK, Dec GW. ACC/AHA versus ESC guidelines on heart failure: JACC guideline comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:2756–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.478.
Group CTS. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1429–35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198706043162301.
Investigators S, Yusuf S, Pitt B, Davis CE, Hood WB, Cohn JN. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293–302. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199108013250501.
Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ Jr, Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, Flaker GC, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:669–77. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199209033271001.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Lancet. 1993;342:821–8.
GISSI-3: effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’infarto Miocardico. Lancet. 1994;343:1115–22.
Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, Cleland JG, Horowitz JD, Massie BM, Ryden L, Thygesen K, Uretsky BF. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation. 1999;100:2312–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.23.2312.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Garg R, Yusuf S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials. JAMA. 1995;273:1450–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Burnier M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation. 2001;103:904–12. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.103.6.904.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gottlieb SS, Dickstein K, Fleck E, Kostis J, Levine TB, LeJemtel T, DeKock M. Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1993;88:1602–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1602.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cohn JN, Tognoni G, Valsartan Heart Failure Trial I. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1667–75. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010713.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Investigators C, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet. 2003;362:772–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Investigators C, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet. 2003;362:767–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14283-3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gayet JL. Optimal trial in myocardial infarction with the angiotensin IIAL. The OPTIMAAL trial: losartan or captopril after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2002;360:1884–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11745-4. (author reply 1885).
McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1409077.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79:e263–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012.
Richards AM, Nicholls MG. Aldosterone antagonism in heart failure. Lancet. 1999;354:789–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)80003-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, Palensky J, Wittes J. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709–17. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909023411001.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bayoumi E, Lam PH, Dooley DJ, Singh S, Faselis C, Morgan CJ, Patel S, Sheriff HM, Mohammed SF, Palant CE, et al. Spironolactone and outcomes in older patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Am J Med. 2019;132:71-80e71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.011.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Swedberg K, Shi H, Vincent J, Pocock SJ, Pitt B, Group E-HS. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:11–21. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1009492.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pardo-Martinez P, Barge-Caballero E, Bouzas-Mosquera A, Barge-Caballero G, Couto-Mallon D, Paniagua-Martin MJ, Sagastagoitia-Fornie M, Prada-Delgado O, Muniz J, Almenar-Bonet L, et al. Real world comparison of spironolactone and eplerenone in patients with heart failure. Eur J Intern Med. 2022;97:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.12.027.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bhatt AS, DeVore AD, DeWald TA, Swedberg K, Mentz RJ. Achieving a maximally tolerated beta-blocker dose in heart failure patients: is there room for improvement? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:2542–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.563.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shin J, Johnson JA. Beta-blocker pharmacogenetics in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2010;15:187–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-008-9094-x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure. Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353:2001–7.
The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:9–13.
Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1385–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04560-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, Coats AJ, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Staiger C, et al. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation. 2002;106:2194–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000035653.72855.bf.
留言 (0)