1. Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, denBoer M (2012) WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team. Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Glob¬al Esti¬mates of Its Incidence. PLoS One. 7(5): e35671.
2. World Health Organization (2022) Leish-maniasis. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Avail¬able at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
3. World Health Organization (2021) Leish-maniasis. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Avail¬able at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
4. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Shir-zadi MR, Hosseini SZ, Salomon OD, Hanaf-Bojd AA, Rassi Y (2021) A feasibility study on using the facilities of health centers for devel¬oping a laboratory network on vectors and reservoir hosts of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 15(3): 255–264.
5. Maroli M, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, Char¬rel RN, Gradoni L (2013) Phlebotomine sand flies and the spreading of leishmaniasis and other diseases of public health concern. Med Vet Entomol. 27(2): 123–147.
6. Galati EAB, Galvis-Ovallos F, Lawyer Ph, Léger N, Depaquit J (2017) An illustrated guide for characters and terminology used in descriptions of Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psy¬chodidae). Parasite. 24: 26.
7. Galati EAB (2018) Phlebotominae (Dip¬tera, Psychodidae): classification, morphology and terminology of adults and identification of American taxa. In: Rangel EF, Shaw J (Eds.): Brazilian sand flies, Spring¬er, Cham, pp. 9–212.
8. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR (2012) Phlebotom-ine sand flies (Diptera: Psycodidae) in Iran and their role on Leishmania transmission. J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 6(1): 1–17.
9. Akhoundi M, Parvizi P, Baghaei A, De-paquit J (2012) The subgenus Adlerius Nitzules¬cu (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phleboto¬mus) in Iran. Acta Trop. 122: 7–15.
10. Zahraei-Ramazani AR, Kumar D, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Naghian A, Jafari R, Shirzadi MR, Abdoli H, Soleimani H, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Arandian MH, Hanafi-Bojd AA (2013) Sand flies of the sub¬genus Ad¬lerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an endem¬ic focus of visceral leishmaniasis and introduction of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) co¬matus as a new record for Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7(1): 1–7.
11. Karimi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Yaghoobi-Er-shadi MR, Akhavan AA, Ghezelbash Z (2014) Spatial and temporal distributions of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psy¬chodi¬dae), vectors of leishmaniasis, in Iran. Acta Trop. 132: 131–139.
12. Zahraei-Ramazani AR, Kumar D, Mir-hendi H, Sundar SH, Rajnikan M, Moin-Vaziri V, Soleimani H, Shirzadi MR, Jafari R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Hamedi-Shahraky S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR (2015) Morphological and genotypic variations among the species of the subgenus Adlerius (Dip¬tera: Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 9(1): 84–97.
13. Absavaran A, Mohebali M, Moin-Vaziri V, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Akhavan AA, Mozaf¬farian F, Rafizadeh S, Rassi Y (2019) Morphometric discrimination between fe¬males of two isomorphic sand fly species, Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis (Diptera: Phlebotom¬inae) in en¬demic and non-en-demic foci of zoonotic cu¬taneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 12(4): 153–162.
14. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Tah-vildari-Bidruni GH (1994) The isolation of Leishmania major from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) caucasicus in Esfahan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 88: 518–519.
15. Es-Sette N, Ajaoud M, Laamrani-Idrissi A, Mellouki F, Lemrani M (2014) Molecular detection and identification of Leishmania infection in naturally infected sand flies in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Morocco. Parasit Vectors. 7: 305.
16. Akhavan AA, Mirhendi H, Khamesipour A, Alimohammadian MH, Rassi Y, Bates P, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Arandian MH, Abdoli H, Jalali-zand N, Jafari R, Shareghi N, Ghanei M, Yaghoobi-Er¬shadi MR (2010) Leishmania species: de¬tection and identifica¬tion by nested PCR assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs. Exp. Parasitol. 126: 552–556.
17. Parvizi P, Ready PD (2008) Nested PCRs and sequencing of nuclear ITS-rDNA frag¬ments detect three Leishmania species of ger¬bils in sandflies from Iranian foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trop Med Int Health. 13(9): 1159–1171.
18. Rassi Y, Abai MR, Oshaghi MA, Javadian E, Sanei A, Rafdzadeh S, Arzamani K (2012) First detection of Leishmania infantum in Phlebotomus kandelakii using molecular methods in north-eastern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 18(4): 387–392.
19. Azizi K, Abedi F, Moemenbellah-Fard MD (2012) Identification and frequency dis¬tribution of Leishmania (L.) major infections in sand flies from a new endemic ZCL focus in southeast Iran. Parasitol Res. 111:1821–1826.
20. Azizi K, Fakoorziba MR, Jalali M, Moemenbel¬lah-Fard MD (2012) First molecu¬lar detection of Leishmania major within nat¬urally infected Phlebotomus salehi from a zo¬onotic cutaneous leish¬maniasis focus in southern Iran. Trop Biomed. 29(1): 1–8.
21. Roshanghalb M, Parvizi P (2012) Isolat¬ing and determining Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica in Phlebotomus papatasi in Golestan Province. J Mazand
Univ Med Sci. 22: 74–83.
22. Azizi K, Badzohreh A, Sarkari B, Fakoo-rziba MR, Kalantari M, Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Ali-Akbarpour M (2013) Nested poly¬merase chain reaction and se¬quence-based detection of Leishmania in¬fection of sand flies in recently emerged endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Iran. Iran J Med Sci. 38(2): 156–162.
23. Bakhshi H, Oshaghi MA, Abai MR, Rassi Y, Akhavan AA, Sheikh Z, Mohtarami F, Saidi Z, Mirzanjani H, Anjomruz M (2013) Molecular detection of Leishmania infection in sand flies in border line of Iran–Turkmenistan: Restricted and per¬mis¬sive vec¬tors. Exp Parasitol. 135: 382–387.
24. Parvizi P, Alaeenovin E, Mohammadi S, Bagh¬ban N (2013) Occurrence of low density of Leishmania infantum in sandflies from a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in north¬west of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 50: 127–132.
25. Oshaghi MA, Rassi Y, Hazratian T, Fallah E, Rafizadeh S (2013) Natural infection of wild caught Phlebotomus tobbi to Leishmania infantum in East Azerbaijan Province, north¬western Iran J Vector Borne Dis. 50: 24–29.
26. Rafizadeh S, Saraei M, Abai MR, Oshaghi MA, Mohebali M, Peymani A, Naserpour-Farivar T, Bakhshi H, Rassi Y (2016) Mo¬lecular detection of Leishmania major and L. turanica in Phlebotomus papa¬tasi and first natural infection of P. salehi to L. major in north-east of Iran. J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 10(2): 141–147.
27. Naghian A, Oshaghi MA, Moein-Vaziri V, Rassi Y, Sedaghat MM, Mostafavi E, Veysi A, Soleimani H, Dehghan H, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Mirhendi H, Amini MH, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA (2020) Molecular identification of Leishmania spe¬cies in Phlebotomus alex¬andri (Diptera: Psy-chodidae) in western Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 14(1): 8–16.
28. Theodor O, Mesghali A (1964) On the Phlebotomine of Iran. J Med Entomol. 1: 285–300.
29. Lewis DJ (1982) A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodi¬dae). Bull Br Mus (Natural History). 45: 121–209.
30. Seyedi-Rashti MA, Nadim A (1992) The genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of the countries of the East¬ern Mediterrenean Region. Iran J Public Health. 21(1–4): 11–50.
31. Nadim A, Faghih M (1968) The epidemi-ology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Esfa¬han Province of Iran: I. The reservoirs. 11. The human disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 61: 534–542.
32. Nadim A, Seyedi-Rashti MA (1971) A brief review of the epidemiology of various types of leishmaniasis in Iran. Acta Medica Iranica. 14: 99–106.
33. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E (1996) Seasonal variation of Leishmania major infec¬tion rates in sandflies from rodent burrows in Esfahan Province, Iran. Med Vet Entomol. 10: 181–184.
34. Nadim A, Mesghali A, Amini H (1968) Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Esfahan Province of Iran III. The vector. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 62: 543–549.
35. Nadim A, Seyedi-Rashti MA, Mesgali A (1968) Epidemiology of cutaneous leish-mani¬asis in Turkemen Sahara Iran. J Trop Med Hyg. 71: 238–239.
36. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Tah-vildari-Bidruni GH (1995) Leishmania major MON-26 isolated from naturally infected Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Esfahan Province, Iran. Acta Trop. 59: 279–282.
37. Strelkova MV, Shurkhal AV, Kellina OI (1990) A new species of Leishmania iso-lated from the great gerbil Rhombomys opimus. Parasitol. 101: 327–335.
38. Guan LR, Yang YQ, Qu JQ, Shen WX
(1995) Discovery and study of Leishmania turanica for the first time in China. Bull World Health Organ. 73: 667–672.
39. Rassi Y, Abai MR, Javadian E, Rafizadeh S, Imamian H, Mohebali M, Fateh M, Haj¬jaran H, Ismaili K (2008) Molecular data on vectors and reservoir hosts of zoonotic cuta¬neous leishmaniasis in central Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 101(5): 425–428.
40. Artemiev MM (1978) Sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) of Afghan¬istan. Malaria and Leishmania Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Afghanistan, Kabul.
41. Strelkova MV, Eliseev LN, Ponirovsky EN, Dergacheva TI, Annacharyeva DK, Ero¬khin PI, Evans DA (2001) Mixed leishmanial infections in Rhombomys opi¬mus: a key to the persistence of Leishmania major from one transmission season to the next. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 95: 811–819.
42. Perfil'ev PP (1968) Phlebotominae. Trans-lation of Perfil'ev, 1966 by Israel Program of Scientific Translations. Jerusalem.
43. Adler S, Theodor O (1957) Transmission of disease agents by phlebotomine sand flies. Annu Rev Entomol. 2: 203–226.
44. Strelkova MV (1996) Progress in studies on Central Asian foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: a review. Folia Par¬asitol. 43: 1–6.
45. Sergiev VP (1979) Epidemiology of leish-maniasis in the USSR. In: Lumsden WHR, Evans DA, editors. Biology of the Ki¬net¬oplastida. London: Academic Press, pp. 197–212.
46. Rassi Y, Oshaghi MA, Azani SM, Abai MR, Rafizadeh S, Mohebai M, Mohtarami F, Zeinali MK (2011) Molecular detection of Leishmania infection due to Leish¬mania ma¬jor and Leishmania turanica in the vectors and reservoir host in Iran. Vector-Borne Zoo Dis. 11: 145–150.
47. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E (1996) Seasonal variation of Leishmania major infec¬tion rates in sandflies from rodent burrows in Esfahan Province, Iran. Med Vet Entomol. 10: 181-184.
48. Ready PD (2013) Biology of phlebotom-ine sandflies as vectors of disease agents. An¬nu Rev Entomol. 58: 227–250.
49. Killick-Kendrick R (1990) Phlebtomine vectors of the leishmaniases: a review. Med Vet Entomol. 4: 1–24.
50. Killick-Kendrick R (1999) The biology and control of phlebotomine sandflies. Clin Dermatol. 17: 279–289.