記住我
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
Adamis D.a· Eikelenboom P.b,caSligo Mental Health Services, Sligo, Ireland
bGGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
cDepartment of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord
Log in to MyKarger to check if you already have access to this content.
Buy FullText & PDF Unlimited re-access via MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more
CHF 38.00 *
EUR 35.00 *
USD 39.00 *
Buy a Karger Article Bundle (KAB) and profit from a discount!
If you would like to redeem your KAB credit, please log in.
Save over 20% compared to the individual article price. Rent via DeepDyve Unlimited fulltext viewing of this article Organize, annotate and mark up articles Printing and downloading restrictions apply Subscribe Access to all articles of the subscribed year(s) guaranteed for 5 years Unlimited re-access via Subscriber Login or MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more Select* The final prices may differ from the prices shown due to specifics of VAT rules.
Article / Publication DetailsFirst-Page Preview
Received: May 29, 2022
Accepted: September 12, 2022
Published online: January 23, 2023
Number of Print Pages: 11
Number of Figures: 2
Number of Tables: 3
ISSN: 1420-8008 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9824 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/DEM
AbstractBackground: The relationship between delirium and low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is contradictory and uncertain. We hypothesised that low levels of IGF-1 are a predisposing factor for delirium in medical and abdominal surgical cohorts, in contrast to other surgical cohorts. Aims: Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of IGF-1 and delirium in medical and surgical patients to explore if there are distinct patterns of associations by using subgroup meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were prospective studies in medical and surgical populations and available data. The following were collected: the setting (surgical/medical), the type (orthopaedic surgery, abdominal, cardiovascular, or medical), the number of participants, mean age, the number of delirious patients, scale/criteria for delirium, IGF-1 levels, and MMSE. Results: Thirteen studies were included and analysed. Low levels of IGF-1 are significantly associated with delirium in abdominal surgical samples and medical samples but not in the other surgical samples. Age, cognition, and the setting (medical vs. surgical) do not have any significant effect on the differences in IGF-1 levels between those with and without delirium. Discussion: Delirium in acute medical and abdominal surgery is triggered by low IGF-1 which may reflect chronic conditions like frailty/cachexia/sarcopenia, while in other surgeries perhaps from an inflammatory process. Conclusions: Low peripheral levels of IGF-1 are a predisposing factor for delirium only in acute medical and abdominal surgery. More studies are needed to confirm and to explore further this finding.
© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel
References American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2013. Marcantonio ER. Delirium in hospitalized older adults. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 12;377(15):1456–66. Witlox J, Eurelings LSM, de Jonghe JFM, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA. Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010 Jul 28;304(4):443–51. Adamis D, Treloar A, Gregson N, Macdonald AJD, Martin FC. Delirium and the functional recovery of older medical inpatients after acute illness: the significance of biological factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011 May–Jun;52(3):276–80. Leslie DL, Marcantonio ER, Zhang Y, Leo-Summers L, Inouye SK. One-year health care costs associated with delirium in the elderly population. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jan 14;168(1):27–32. Amgarth-Duff I, Hosie A, Caplan G, Agar M. A systematic review of the overlap of fluid biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 22;20(1):182. Lackey BR, Gray SL, Henricks DM. Actions and interactions of the IGF system in Alzheimer's disease: review and hypotheses. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2000 Feb;10(1):1–13. Alexia C, Fallot G, Lasfer M, Schweizer-Groyer G, Groyer A. An evaluation of the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and of type-I IGF receptor signalling in hepatocarcinogenesis and in the resistance of hepatocarcinoma cells against drug-induced apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Sep 15;68(6):1003–15. Meager A. The molecular biology of cytokines. Chichester: Wiley; 1998. Jenkins PJ, Bustin SA. Evidence for a link between IGF-I and cancer. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 Aug;151(Suppl 1):S17–22. Venters HD, Broussard SR, Zhou JH, Bluthe RM, Freund GG, Johnson RW, et al. Tumor necrosis factor(alpha) and insulin-like growth factor-I in the brain: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? J Neuroimmunol. 2001 Oct 1;119(2):151–65. D’Ercole AJ, Ye P, O’Kusky JR. Mutant mouse models of insulin-like growth factor actions in the central nervous system. Neuropeptides. 2002 Apr–Jun;36(2–3):209–20. McCarty MF, Lerner A. Perspective: prospects for nutraceutical support of intestinal barrier function. Adv Nutr. 2021 Mar 31;12(2):316–24. Assimakopoulos SF, Triantos C, Maroulis I, Gogos C. The role of the gut barrier function in health and disease. Gastroenterology Res. 2018 Aug;11(4):261–3. Velloso CP. Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;154(3):557–68. Thompson JL, Butterfield GE, Marcus R, Hintz RL, Van Loan M, Ghiron L, et al. The effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone on body composition in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jun;80(6):1845–52. Copeland KC, Colletti RB, Devlin JT, McAuliffe TL. The relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I, adiposity, and aging. Metabolism. 1990 Jun;39(6):584–7. Harris TB, Kiel D, Roubenoff R, Langlois J, Hannan M, Havlik R, et al. Association of insulin-like growth factor-I with body composition, weight history, and past health behaviors in the very old: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Feb;45(2):133–9. Ticinesi A, Lauretani F, Milani C, Nouvenne A, Tana C, Del Rio D, et al. Aging gut microbiota at the cross-road between nutrition, physical frailty, and sarcopenia: is there a gut-muscle axis? Nutrients. 2017 Nov 30;9(12):1303. Li CW, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N, Li GX, Jiang LJ, Yu SL, et al. Circulating factors associated with sarcopenia during ageing and after intensive lifestyle intervention. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019 Jun;10(3):586–600. Bian A, Ma Y, Zhou X, Guo Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, et al. Association between sarcopenia and levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the elderly. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Apr 7;21(1):214. Lee HJ, Lee JY, Lee MJ, Kim HK, Kim N, Kim GU, et al. Association of low skeletal muscle mass with the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasm: integrative analysis using three skeletal muscle mass indices. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Oct;22(10):1293–303. Zeljkovic A, Mihajlovic M, Stefanovic A, Zeljkovic D, Trifunovic B, Miljkovic M, et al. Potential use of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and E-cadherin as biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Dec;22(12):2078–86. Tojek K, Banaszkiewicz Z, Budzyński J. Body composition among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Prz Gastroenterol. 2021;16(1):47–55. Fogelman DR, Morris J, Xiao L, Hassan M, Vadhan S, Overman M, et al. A predictive model of inflammatory markers and patient-reported symptoms for cachexia in newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2017 Jun;25(6):1809–17. Huang Q, Nai YJ, Jiang ZW, Li JS. Change of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: related to tumour type and nutritional status. Br J Nutr. 2005 Jun;93(6):853–8. Trobec K, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Lainscak M. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin signaling-a pharmacological target in body wasting and cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011 Dec;2(4):191–200. Martin AI, Priego T, Moreno-Ruperez A, Gonzalez-Hedstrom D, Granado M, Lopez-Calderon A. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in inflammatory cachexia. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 31;22(17):9469. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argiles J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, et al. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;27(6):793–9. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010 Jul;39(4):412–23. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Mar;56(3):M146–56. Gingrich A, Volkert D, Kiesswetter E, Thomanek M, Bach S, Sieber CC, et al. Prevalence and overlap of sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia and malnutrition in older medical inpatients. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Apr 27;19(1):120. Vergara-Fernandez O, Trejo-Avila M, Salgado-Nesme N. Sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases. 2020 Apr 6;8(7):1188–202. Adamis D, Coada I, Eikelenboom P, Chu CS, Finn K, Melvin V, et al. Delirium, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone in older inpatients. World J Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 19;10(9):212–22. Adamis D, Treloar A, Martin FC, Gregson N, Hamilton G, Macdonald AJD. APOE and cytokines as biological markers for recovery of prevalent delirium in elderly medical inpatients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;22(7):688–94. Bellelli G, Zambon A, Volpato S, Abete P, Bianchi L, Bo M, et al. The association between delirium and sarcopenia in older adult patients admitted to acute geriatrics units: results from the GLISTEN multicenter observational study. Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct;37(5):1498–504. Zucchelli A, Manzoni F, Morandi A, Di Santo S, Rossi E, Valsecchi MG, et al. The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(2):349–57. Li DJ, Tseng PT, Stubbs B, Chen TY, Lin PY, Chen SL, et al. Low peripheral levels of insulin growth factor-1 are associated with high incidence of delirium among elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Jul–Aug;77:13–8. Liu X, Yu Y, Zhu S. Inflammatory markers in postoperative delirium (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD): a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195659. Noah AM, Almghairbi D, Evley R, Moppett IK. Preoperative inflammatory mediators and postoperative delirium: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Sep;127(3):424–34. Adamis D, van Gool WA, Eikelenboom P. Consistent patterns in the inconsistent associations of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with delirium in surgical populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021 Nov–Dec;97:104518. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097. Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005 Apr 20;5:13. Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014 Dec 19;14(1):135. Helmi L, Meagher D, O’Mahony E, O’Neill D, Mulligan O, Murthy S, et al. Agreement and conversion formula between mini-mental state examination and montreal cognitive assessment in an outpatient sample. World J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep 22;6(3):358–64. Higgins J, Thompson S, Deeks J, Altman D. Statistical heterogeneity in systematic reviews of clinical trials: a critical appraisal of guidelines and practice. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2002 Jan;7(1):51–61. Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Soft. 2010;36(3):1–48. Wilson K, Broadhurst C, Diver M, Jackson M, Mottram P. Plasma insulin growth factor-1 and incident delirium in older people. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;20(2):154–9. Lemstra AW, Kalisvaart KJ, Vreeswijk R, van Gool WA, Eikelenboom P. Pre-operative inflammatory markers and the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;23(9):943–8. Cerejeira J, Batista P, Nogueira V, Vaz-Serra A, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. The stress response to surgery and postoperative delirium: evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperresponsiveness and decreased suppression of the GH/IGF-1 axis. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2013 Sep;26(3):185–94. Yeo AL, Levy D, Martin FC, Sonksen P, Sturgess I, Wheeler MM, et al. Frailty and the biochemical effects of recombinant human growth hormone in women after surgery for hip fracture. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2003 Dec;13(6):361–70. Doi T, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Makino K, et al. Association between insulin-like growth factor-1 and frailty among older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(1):68–72. Costa RGF, Caro PL, de Matos-Neto EM, Lima JDCC, Radloff K, Alves MJ, et al. Cancer cachexia induces morphological and inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019 Oct;10(5):1116–27. Mosk CA, van Vugt JLA, de Jonge H, Witjes CD, Buettner S, Ijzermans JN, et al. Low skeletal muscle mass as a risk factor for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2097–106. Mesotten D, Van den Berghe G. Changes within the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I/IGF binding protein axis during critical illness. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;35(4):793–805, ix-x. O’Connor KG, Tobin JD, Harman SM, Plato CC, Roy TA, Sherman SS, et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I are related to age and not to body composition in healthy women and men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998 May;53(3):M176–82. Maggio M, Ble A, Ceda GP, Metter EJ. Decline in insulin-like growth factor-I levels across adult life span in two large population studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Feb;61(2):182–3. Kalmijn S, Janssen JA, Pols HA, Lamberts SW, Breteler MM. A prospective study on circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding proteins, and cognitive function in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4551–5. Caputo M, Pigni S, Agosti E, Daffara T, Ferrero A, Filigheddu N, et al. Regulation of GH and GH signaling by nutrients. Cells. 2021 Jun 2;10(6):1376. Gulick CN, Peddie MC, Jowett T, Hackney AC, Rehrer NJ. Exercise, dietary protein, and combined effect on IGF-1. Int J Sci Res Methodol. 2020 Sep;16(3):61–77. Nishie K, Sato S, Hanaoka M. Anamorelin for cancer cachexia. Drugs Today. 2022 Mar;58(3):97–104. Cape E, Hall RJ, van Munster BC, de Vries A, Howie SEM, Pearson A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation in delirium: a role for interleukin-1β in delirium after hip fracture. J Psychosom Res. 2014 Sep;77(3):219–25. Cinar MA, Balikci A, Sertoğlu E, Mehmet AK, Serdar MA, Ozmenler KN. Role of CRP, TNF-a, and IGF-1 in delirium pathophysiology. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2014 Dec;51(4):376–82. Egberts A, Wijnbeld EHA, Fekkes D, van der Ploeg MA, Ziere G, Hooijkaas H, et al. Neopterin: a potential biomarker for delirium in elderly patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2015 Nov 19;39(1–2):116–24. Chu CS, Liang CK, Chou MY, Lin YT, Hsu CJ, Chu CL, et al. Lack of association between pre-operative insulin-like growth factor-1 and the risk of post-operative delirium in elderly Chinese patients. Psychiatry Investig. 2016 May;13(3):327–32. Shen H, Shao Y, Chen J, Guo J. Insulin-like growth factor-1, a potential predicative biomarker for postoperative delirium among elderly patients with open abdominal surgery. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(38):5879–83. Yen TE, Allen JC, Rivelli SK, Patterson SC, Metcalf MR, Flink BJ, et al. Association between serum IGF-I levels and postoperative delirium in elderly subjects undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 5;6:20736. Miao S, Shen P, Zhang Q, Wang H, Shen J, Wang G, et al. Neopterin and mini-mental state examination scores, two independent risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with open abdominal surgery. J Cancer Res Ther. 2018 Oct–Dec;14(6):1234–8. Khan SH, Lindroth H, Jawed Y, Wang S, Nasser J, Seyffert S, et al. Serum biomarkers in postoperative delirium after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;113(3):1000–7. Article / Publication DetailsFirst-Page Preview
Received: May 29, 2022
Accepted: September 12, 2022
Published online: January 23, 2023
Number of Print Pages: 11
Number of Figures: 2
Number of Tables: 3
ISSN: 1420-8008 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9824 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/DEM
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
留言 (0)