SIMPATHY-consortium. Polypharmacy Management by 2030: a patient safety challenge. 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/chafea/health/newsroom/news/documents/polypharmacy-handbook-second-edition_en.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2022.

World Health Organization. WHO global patient safety challenge: medication without harm 2017. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-SDS-2017.6. Accessed 3 Aug 2022.

World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report; Medication Safety in Polypharmacy. 2019. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-UHC-SDS-2019.11. Accessed 6 Jun 2022.

Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnston MC, Crilly M, Black C, Prescott GJ, Mercer SW. Defining and measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):182–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky098.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Bezerra Souza DL, Oliveras-Fabregas A, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, de Camargo CM, Teixidó-Compañó E, et al. Multimorbidity and its associated factors among adults aged 50 and over: A cross-sectional study in 17 European countries. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246623.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moen J, Antonov K, Larsson CA, Lindblad U, Nilsson JLG, Råstam L, et al. Factors associated with multiple medication use in different age groups. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(12):1978–85. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M354.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fortin M, Lapointe L, Hudon C, Vanasse A, Ntetu AL, Maltais D. Multimorbidity and quality of life in primary care: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004;20(2):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-2-51.

Article  Google Scholar 

Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mehta RS, Kochar BD, Kennelty K, Ernst ME, Chan AT. Emerging approaches to polypharmacy among older adults. Nat Aging. 2021;1:347–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00045-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Linkens AEM, Milosevic V, van der Kuy PHM, Damen-Hendriks VH, MestresGonzalvo C, Hurkens KPGM. Medication-related hospital admissions and readmissions in older patients: an overview of literature. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42:1243–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01040-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pereira F, Verloo H, Zhivko T, Di Giovanni S, Meyer-Massetti C, Von Gunten A, et al. Risk of 30-day hospital readmission associated with medical conditions and drug regimens of polymedicated, older inpatients discharged home: a registry-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021;11:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052755.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beuscart J, Knol W, Cullinan S, Schneider C, Dalleur O, Boland B, et al. International core outcome set for clinical trials of medication review in multi-morbid older patients with polypharmacy. BMC Med. 2018;21:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1007-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Thevelin S, Spinewine A, Beuscart JB, Boland B, Marien S, Vaillant F, et al. Development of a standardized chart review method to identify drug-related hospital admissions in older people. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13716.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Klarin I, Wimo A, Fastbom J. The association of inappropriate drug use with hospitalisation and mortality. Drugs Aging. 2005;22:69–82. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200522010-00005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Stelt CAK, Windsant-van V, den Tweel AMA, Egberts ACG, van den Bemt PMLA, Leendertse AJ, Hermens WAJJ, et al. The association between potentially inappropriate prescribing and medication-related hospital admissions in older patients: a nested case control study. Drug Saf. 2016;39:79–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-015-0361-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thevelin S, El ML, Marien S, Boland B, Henrard S, Dalleur O. Potentially inappropriate prescribing and related hospital admissions in geriatric patients: a comparative analysis between the STOPP and START criteria versions 1 and 2. Drugs Aging. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-00635-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beijer HJM, De Blaey CJ. Hospitalisations caused by adverse drug reactions (ADR): a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharm World Sci. 2002;24:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015570104121.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lghoul-Oulad Saïd F, Hek K, Flinterman LE, Herings RMC, Warlé-van Herwaarden MF, de Bie S, et al. Prevalence and incidence rate of hospital admissions related to medication between 2008 and 2013 in The Netherlands. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2020;29:1659–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5122.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chan M, Nicklason F, Vial JH. Adverse drug events as a cause of hospital admission in the elderly. Intern Med J. 2001;31:199–205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00044.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Somers A, Robays H, Vander Stichele R, Van Maele G, Bogaert M, Petrovic M. Contribution of drug related problems to hospital admission in the elderly. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2010;14:477–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0237-0.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Oscanoa TJ, Lizaraso F, Carvajal A. Hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions in the elderly A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;73:759–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-017-2225-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hohl CM, Dankoff J, Colacone A, Afilalo M. Polypharmacy, adverse drug-related events, and potential adverse drug interactions in elderly patients presenting to an emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:666–71. https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.119456.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leendertse AJ, Egberts ACG, Stoker LJ, Van Den Bemt PMLA. Frequency of and risk factors for preventable medication-related hospital admissions in the Netherlands. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1890–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rogers S, Wilson D, Wan S, Griffin M, Rai G, Farrell J. Medication-related admissions in older people. Drugs Aging. 2009;26:951–61. https://doi.org/10.2165/11316750-000000000-00000.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Morabet N, Uitvlugt EB, van den Bemt BJF, van den Bemt PMLA, Janssen MJA, Karapinar-Çarkit F. Prevalence and preventability of drug-related hospital readmissions: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66:602–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15244.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curtin D, Gallagher PF, O’Mahony D. Explicit criteria as clinical tools to minimize inappropriate medication use and its consequences. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098619829431.

Article  Google Scholar 

O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44:213–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Mahony D. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate medications/potential prescribing omissions in older people: origin and progress. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2020.1697676.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hill-Taylor B, Walsh KA, Stewart SA, Hayden J, Byrne S, Sketris IS. Effectiveness of the STOPP/START (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment) criteria: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016;41:158–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12372.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alshammari H, Al-Saeed E, Ahmed Z, Aslanpour Z. Reviewing potentially inappropriate medication in hospitalized patients over 65 using explicit criteria: a systematic literature review. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2021;13:183–210. https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S303101.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Monteiro L, Maricoto T, Solha I, Ribeiro-Vaz I, Martins C, Monteiro-Soares M. Reducing potentially inappropriate prescriptions for older patients using computerized decision support tools: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.2196/15385.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dalton K, O’Brien G, O’Mahony D, Byrne S. Computerised interventions designed to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2018;47:670–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy086.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Christensen M, Lundh A. Medication review in hospitalised patients to reduce morbidity and mortality (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008986.pub3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huibers CJA, Sallevelt BTGM, de Groot DA, Boer MJ, van Campen JPCM, Davids CJ, et al. Conversion of STOPP/START version 2 into coded algorithms for software implementation: A multidisciplinary consensus procedure. Int J Med Inform. 2019;125:110–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.12.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen Z, Meulendijk M, Spruit M. A federated information architecture for multinational clinical trials: Stripa revisited. 24th Eur Conf Inf Syst ECIS 2016. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2016_prototypes/2/. Accessed 3 Aug 2022.

Adam L, Moutzouri E, Baumgartner C, Loewe AL, Feller M, M’Rabet-Bensalah K, et al. Rationale and design of OPtimising thERapy to prevent avoidable hospital admissions in Multimorbid older people (OPERAM): a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2019;9:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026769.

Article  Google Scholar 

Blum MR, Sallevelt BTGM, Spinewine A, Mahony DO, Feller M, Baumgartner C, et al. Optimizing therapy to prevent avoidable hospital admissions in multimorbid older adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2021;374: n1585. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1585.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crowley EK, Sallevelt BTGM, Huibers CJA, Murphy KD, Spruit M, Shen Z, et al. Intervention protocol: OPtimising thERapy to prevent avoidable hospital admission in the multi-morbid elderly (OPERAM): a structured medication review with support of a computerised decision support system. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-5056-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Drenth-van Maanen AC, Leendertse AJ, Jansen PAF, Knol W, Keijsers CJPW, Meulendijk MC, et al. The systematic tool to reduce inappropriate prescribing (STRIP): combining implicit and explicit prescribing tools to improve appropriate prescribing. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018;24:317–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12787.

Article