The International Criteria for Electrocardiogram Interpretation in Athletes

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Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the ‘Seattle criteria.

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International criteria for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: consensus statement.

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12-lead ECG in the athlete: physiological versus pathological abnormalities.

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Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes.

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Cardiovascular screening in college athletes with and without electrocardiography: a cross-sectional study.

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Cardiovascular screening with electrocardiography and echocardiography in collegiate athletes.

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Addition of the electrocardiogram to the preparticipation examination of college athletes.

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Cost and yield of adding electrocardiography to history and physical in screening Division I intercollegiate athletes: a 5-year experience.

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Pre-participation musculoskeletal and cardiac screening of male athletes in the United Arab Emirates.

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The Seattle Criteria increase the specificity of preparticipation ECG screening among elite athletes.

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Prevalence of electrocardiographic anomalies in young individuals: relevance to a nationwide cardiac screening program.

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Eighteen years’ experience applying old and current strategies in the pre-participation cardiovascular screening of athletes.

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Impact of the international recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation on cardiovascular screening in young athletes.

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Limitations of current AHA guidelines and proposal of new guidelines for the preparticipation examination of athletes.

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Cardiovascular screening in adolescents and young adults: a prospective study comparing the Pre-participation Physical Evaluation Monograph 4th Edition and ECG.

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Accuracy of the 2017 international recommendations for clinicians who interpret adolescent athletes’ ECGs: a cohort study of 11 168 British white and black soccer players.

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Diagnostic accuracy and Bayesian analysis of new international ECG recommendations in paediatric athletes.

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Costs and yield of a 15-month preparticipation cardiovascular examination with ECG in 1070 young athletes in Switzerland: implications for routine ECG screening.

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Comparison of three ECG criteria for athlete pre-participation screening.

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Electrocardiography-inclusive screening strategies for detection of cardiovascular abnormalities in high school athletes.

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Comparison of three current sets of electrocardiographic interpretation criteria for use in screening athletes.

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Performance of the Lausanne questionnaire and the 2010 European Society of Cardiology criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes.

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ECG findings in competitive rowers: normative data and the prevalence of abnormalities using contemporary screening recommendations.

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Performance of the 2010 European Society of Cardiology criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes.

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Prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in West-Asian and African male athletes.

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The prevalence, distribution, and clinical outcomes of electrocardiographic repolarization patterns in male athletes of African/Afro-Caribbean origin.

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Electrocardiographic screening in national collegiate athletic association athletes.

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Performance of the American heart association (AHA) 14-point evaluation versus electrocardiography for the cardiovascular screening of high school athletes: a prospective study.

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Should axis deviation or atrial enlargement be categorised as abnormal in young athletes? The athlete's electrocardiogram: time for re-appraisal of markers of pathology.

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Five-year experience with screening electrocardiograms in national collegiate athletic association Division I athletes.

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18 highlights from the International Criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes.

in: BMJ publishing group Ltd and British association of sport and exercise medicine. Hyde N. Prutkin J.M. Drezner J.A.

Electrocardiogram interpretation in NCAA athletes: comparison of the ‘Seattle’and ‘International’criteria.

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Evaluation of a preparticipation cardiovascular screening program among 1,686 national collegiate athletic association Division I athletes: comparison of the Seattle, refined, and international electrocardiogram screening criteria.

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Pediatric athletes' ECG and diagnostic performance of contemporary ECG interpretation criteria.

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Cardiac structure and function in elite female and male soccer players.

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Electrocardiogram interpretation in college athletes: local institution versus sports cardiology center interpretation.

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Electrocardiographic findings in national Basketball association athletes.

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Physician adherence to ‘Seattle’and ‘International’ECG criteria in adolescent athletes: an analysis of compliance by specialty, experience, and practice environment.

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Preparticipation cardiac evaluation findings in a cohort of collegiate female athletes.

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Vectorcardiogram in athletes: the Sun valley Ski study.

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Left ventricular remodeling in elite and sub-elite road cyclists.

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Defining the normal Spectrum of electrocardiographic and left ventricular Adaptations in mixed-race male adolescent soccer players.

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The 12-lead electrocardiogram of the elite female footballer as defined by different interpretation criteria across the competitive season.

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ECG criteria for the detection of high-risk cardiovascular conditions in master athletes.

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Frequency of electrocardiographic changes in trained athletes in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Benefits and limitations of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic screening in top level endurance athletes.

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Accuracy of the ECG for differential diagnosis between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and athlete’s heart: comparison between the European Society of Cardiology (2010) and International (2017) criteria.

Br J Sports Med. 52: 667-673Calò L. Martino A. Tranchita E. et al.

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation of a large cohort of peri-pubertal soccer players during pre-participation screening.

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 26: 1444-1455Vessella T. Zorzi A. Merlo L. et al.

The Italian preparticipation evaluation programme: diagnostic yield, rate of disqualification and cost analysis.

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Electrocardiographic findings in elite professional cyclists: the 2017 international recommendations in practice.

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Inter-observer agreement in athletes ECG interpretation using the recent international recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes among observers with different levels of expertise.

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Prevalence of abnormal and borderline electrocardiogram changes in 13, 079 Chinese amateur marathon runners.

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Characteristics OF RESTING ECG among SABAH professional male FOOTBALLERS.

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Pre-participation evaluation of Malaysian university athletes–the importance of cardiovascular screening.

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Identifying electrocardiogram pattern changes and Their association with echocardiography among Malaysian Footballers Attending pre-participation evaluation.

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Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation in Pacific Island athletes.

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Cardiac structure and function in elite native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Rugby football League athletes: an exploratory study.

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Alteraciones electrocardiográficas en jóvenes atletas de alto rendimiento.

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Hallazgos electrocardiográficos anormales en deportistas amateur: comparación de los criterios de Seattle 2013 y 2017.

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Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in Ghanaian female soccer players.

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Electrocardiographic CHARACTERISTICS OF athletes OF MOUNT Cameroon ASCENT: prevention OF sudden death.

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Electrocardiographic pattern of apparently healthy African adolescent athletes in Nigeria.

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Impact of geographical origin upon the electrical and structural manifestations of the black athlete’s heart.

Eur Heart J. 40: 50-58Pambo P. Adu-Adadey M. Agbodzakey H. et al.

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in elite Ghanaian male soccer players.

Clin J Sport Med. 31: e373-e379Brosnan M. La Gerche A. Kumar S. et al.

Modest agreement in ECG interpretation limits the application of ECG screening in young athletes.

Heart Rhythm. 12: 130-136Drezner J.A. Asif I.M. Owens D.S. et al.

Accuracy of ECG interpretation in competitive athletes: the impact of using standardised ECG criteria.

Br J Sports Med. 46: 335-340Hill A.C. Miyake C.Y. Grady S. et al.

Accuracy of interpretation of preparticipation screening electrocardiograms.

J Pediatr. 159: 783-788Dhutia H. Malhotra A. Yeo T.J. et al.

Inter-rater reliability and downstream financial implications of electrocardiography screening in young athletes.

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 10: e003306Calore C. Zorzi A. Sheikh N. et al.

Electrocardiographic anterior T-wave inversion in athletes of different ethnicities: differential diagnosis between athlete's heart and cardiomyopathy.

Eur Heart J. 37: 2515-2527McClean G. Riding N.R. Pieles G. et al.

Prevalence and significance of T-wave inversion in Arab and Black paediatric athletes: should anterior T-wave inversion interpretation be governed by biological or chronological age?.

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 26: 641-652

Cardiac Adaption to exercise training: the female athlete.

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Effect of sex and sporting discipline on LV Adaptation to exercise.

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Anterior T-wave inversion in young white athletes and Nonathletes.

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Female athlete’s heart: sex effects on electrical and structural remodeling.

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Low QRS voltage and its causes.

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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evaluation of the current diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.

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Electrocardiographic differentiation between ‘benign T-wave inversion’ and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

EP Europace. 21: 332-338Brosnan M.J. Te Riele A. Bosman L.P. et al.

Electrocardiographic features differentiating arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy from an athlete's heart.

JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 4: 1613-1625Mango F. Caselli S. Luchetti A. et al.

Low QRS voltages in Olympic athletes: prevalence and clinical correlates.

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Prevalence and clinical significance of isolated low QRS voltages in young athletes.

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial Inflammation: expert recommendations.

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QRS fragmentation: diagnostic and prognostic significance.

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Fragmented wide QRS on a 12-lead ECG.

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Fragmented QRS on twelve-lead electrocardiogram predicts arrhythmic events in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Heart rhythm. 7: 74-80Peters S. Trümmel M. Koehler B.

QRS fragmentation in standard ECG as a diagnostic marker of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia–cardiomyopathy.

Heart Rhythm. 5: 1417-1421Homsi M. Alsayed L. Safadi B. et al.

Fragmented QRS complexes on 12-lead ECG: a marker of cardiac sarcoidosis as detected by gadolinium cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 14: 319-326Morita H. Kusano K.F. Miura D. et al.

Fragmented QRS as a marker of conduction abnormality and a predictor of prognosis of Brugada syndrome.

Circulation. 118: 1697-1704Corrado D. Perazzolo Marra M. Zorzi A. et al.

Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: the Padua criteria.

Int J Cardiol. 319: 106-114Marcus F.I. McKenna W.J. Sherrill D. et al.

Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the task force criteria.

Eur Heart J. 31: 806-814Ollitrault P. Pellissier A. Champ-Rigot L. et al.

Prevalence and significance of fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 on the surface electrocardiogram of healthy athletes.

EP Europace. 22: 649-656Zorzi A. Vio R. Bettella N. et al.

Criteria for interpretation of the athlete's ECG: a critical appraisal.

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 43: 882-890Corrado D. Drezner J.A. D'Ascenzi F. et al.

How to evaluate premature ventricular beats in the athlete: critical review and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm.

Br J Sports Med. 54: 1142-1148Palatini P. Maraglino G. Sperti G. et al.

Prevalence and possible mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in athletes.

Am Heart J. 110: 560-567Talan D.A. Bauernfeind R.A. Ashley W.W. et al.

Twenty-four hour continuous ECG recordings in long-distance runners.

Chest. 82: 19-24Viitasalo M. Kala R. Eisalo A.

Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes.

Heart. 47: 213-220Viitasalo M. Kala R. Eisalo A.

Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in young athletes between 14 and 16 years of age.

Eur Heart J. 5: 2-6Zorzi A. De Lazzari M. Mastella G. et al.

Ventricular arrhythmias in young competitive athletes: prevalence, determinants, and underlying substrate.

J Am Heart Assoc. 7: e009171Pilcher G.F. Cook A.J. Johnston B.L. et al.

Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiography during exercise and free activity in 80 apparently healthy runners.

Am J Cardiol. 52: 859-861Haghjoo M. Mohammadzadeh S. Taherpour M. et al.

ST-segment depression as a risk factor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

EP Europace. 11: 643-649Maron B.J. Wolfson J.K. Ciró E. et al.

Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Am J Cardiol. 51: 189-194Kim J.H. Noseworthy P.A. McCarty D. et al.

Significance of electrocardiographic right bundle branch block in trained athletes.

Am J Cardiol. 107: 1083-1089

Electrocardiographic right and left bundle branch block patterns in athletes: prevalence, pathology, and clinical significance.

J Electrocardiol. 48: 380-384

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