∗Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

†Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

‡Department of Cardiology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia

§Ambulance Victoria, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia

∥Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

¶Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia

∗∗Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

††Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Address reprint requests to Dion Stub, MBBS, PhD, The Alfred Hospital & Monash University, 55 Commercial Rd, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia. E-mail: [email protected].

Received 23 Jun 2022; first review completed 15 Jul 2022; accepted in final form 25 Jul 2022

Co-senior authors: Karen Smith and Dion Stub.

Conflicts of interest: The authors have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest, or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Funding: DS is supported by National Heart Foundation (NHF) Fellowship. JB and LD are supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and an NHF Post Graduate Scholarships. ZN is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship. EA is supported by an NHMRC postgraduate scholarship. DK is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant.

Data availability statement: The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citation appears in the printed text and is provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.shockjournal.com).