Questions or comments about this article may be directed to Sun-Mi Lee, PhD MPH RN, at [email protected]. S.-M.L. is a Professor, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Taixian Jin, MSN RN, is Research Assistant, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Huiying Jin, RN, MSN, is a Nurse, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin, China.

This study was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (NRF-2017R1A2B2006232).

The authors declare no conflicts of interest

This study received approval from the study hospital and the institutional review board (approval no. KC18PESE0355).

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