1. Delmas, D . Silymarin and derivatives: from biosynthesis to health benefits. Molecules. 2020;25(10):2415.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102415 Google Scholar |
Crossref2. Young, JA, Evans, RA, Hawkes, RB. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed germination. Weed Sci. 1978;26(4):395-398.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500050189 Google Scholar3. Letteron, P, Labbe, G, Degott, C, et al. Mechanism for the protective effects of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity in mice. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1990;39:2027-2034.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(90)90625-U Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline4. Křen, V, Walterova, D. Silybin and silymarin–new effects and applications. Biomed Papers. 2005;149(1):29-41.
https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2005.002 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline5. Saller, R, Meier, R, Brignoli, R. The use of silymarin in the treatment of liver diseases. Drugs. 2001;61(14):2035-2063.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200161140-00003 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline6. Vargas-Mendoza, N, Madrigal-Santillán, E, Morales-González, Á, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. World J Hepatol. 2014;6(3):144.
https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v6.i3.144 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline7. Flora, K, Hahn, M, Rosen, H, Benner, K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93(2):139-143.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9270(97)00082-8 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI8. Theodosiou, E, Purchartová, K, Stamatis, H, Kolisis, F, Křen, V. Bioavailability of silymarin flavonolignans: drug formulations and biotransformation. Phytochem Rev. 2014;13(1):1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9285-5 Google Scholar |
Crossref9. Polyak, SJ, Ferenci, P, Pawlotsky, JM. Hepatoprotective and antiviral functions of silymarin components in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):1262-1271.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26179 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline10. Federico, A, Dallio, M, Loguercio, C. Silymarin/silybin and chronic liver disease: a marriage of many years. Molecules. 2017;22(2):191.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020191 Google Scholar |
Crossref11. Schadewaldt, H . The history of silymarin. Contribution to the history of liver therapy. Med Welt. 1969;20(15):902-914. PMID: 5784380.
Google Scholar |
Medline12. Andrzejewska, J, Sadowska, K, Mielcarek, S. Effect of sowing date and rate on the yield and flavonolignan content of the fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) grown on light soil in a moderate climate. Ind Crops Prod. 2011;33(2):462-468.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.027 Google Scholar |
Crossref13. Takemoto, T, Ikegawa, S, Nomoto, K. Studies on constituents of Silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. I. New flavonolignans named 2,3–dehydrosilymarin and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin. AGRIS (FAO of the UN). 1975; 95(8):1017 PMID: 123760.
https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947 Google Scholar14. Kim, NC, Graf, TN, Sparacino, CM, Wani, MC, Wall, ME. Complete isolation and characterization of silybins and isosilybins from milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Org Biomol Chem. 2003;1:1684-1689.
https://doi.org/10.1039/B300099K Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline15. Möschlin, G . Phd thesis, Karlsruhe University, 1959, mentioned in Biedermann, D., Vavříková, E., Cvak, L., & Křen, V. Chemistry of silybin. Natural Prod Rep. 2014;31(9):1138-1157.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NP70122K Google Scholar |
Medline16. Wagner, H, Hörhammer, L, Seitz, M. Chemical evaluation of a silymarin-containing flavonoid concentrate from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Arzneimittelforschung. 1968;8(6):696-698. PMID: 5755806.
Google Scholar17. Wagner, H, Hörhammer, L, Münster, R. On the chemistry of silymarin (silybin), the active principle of the fruits from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Carduus marianus L.). Arzneimittelforschung. 1968;18(6):688-696. PMID: 5755805.
Google Scholar |
Medline18. Pelter, A, Hansel, R. The structure of silybin (silybum substance E6), the first flavonolignan. Tetrahedron Lett. 1968;9(25):2911-2916.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89610-0 Google Scholar |
Crossref19. Cardone, RA, Alfarouk, KO, Elliott, RL, et al. The role of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 in dysregulation of proton dynamics and reprogramming of cancer metabolism as a sequela. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):3694.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153694 Google Scholar |
Crossref20. Webb, BA, Chimenti, M, Jacobson, MP, Barber, DL. Dysregulated pH: a perfect storm for cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(9):671-677.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3110 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline21. Simánek, V, Kren, V, Ulrichová, J, Vicar, J, Cvak, L. Silymarin: what is in the name…? An appeal for a change of editorial policy. Hepatology. 2000;32(2):442-444.
https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2000.9770 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline22. Biedermann, D, Vavříková, E, Cvak, L, Křen, V. Chemistry of silybin. Nat Prod Rep. 2014;31(9):1138-1157.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NP70122K Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline23. Gažák, R, Svobodová, A, Psotová, J, et al. Oxidised derivatives of silybin and their antiradical and antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004;12(21):5677-5687.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.064 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline24. Kroll, DJ, Shaw, HS, Oberlies, NH. Milk thistle nomenclature: why it matters in cancer research and pharmacokinetic studies. Integr Cancer Ther. 2007;6(2):110-119.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735407301825 Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals |
ISI25. Deep, G, Oberlies, NH, Kroll, DJ, Agarwal, R. Identifying the differential effects of silymarin constituents on cell growth and cell cycle regulatory molecules in human prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(1):41-50.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23485 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline26. Ding, TM, Tian, SJ, Zhang, ZX, et al. Determination of active component in silymarin by RP-LC and LC/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001;26(1):155-161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00364-8 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline27. Desplaces, A, Choppin, J, Vogel, G, Trost, W. The effects of silymarin on experimental phalloidine poisoning. Arzneim-Forsch. 1975;25(1):89-96. PMID: 125090.
Google Scholar |
Medline28. Tuchweber, B, Sieck, R, Trost, W. Prevention by silybin of phalloidin-induced acute hepatoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979;51(2):265-275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(79)90469-1 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline29. Mayer, KE, Myers, RP, Lee, SS. Silymarin treatment of viral hepatitis: a systematic review. J Viral Hepat. 2005;12(6):559-567.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00636.x Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline30. Fried, MW, Navarro, VJ, Afdhal, N, et al. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2012;308(3):274-282.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.8265 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline31. Hawke, RL, Schrieber, SJ, Soule, TA, Wen, Z, Smith, PC, Reddy, KR, SyNCH Trial Group . Silymarin ascending multiple oral dosing phase I study in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;50(4):434-449.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270009347475 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline32. Wagoner, J, Negash, A, Kane, OJ, et al. Multiple effects of silymarin on the hepatitis C virus lifecycle. Hepatology. 2010;51(6):1912-1921.
doi : https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23587 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline33. Trinchet, JC, Coste, T, Levy, VG, et al. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1989;13(2):120-124. PMID: 2707520.
Google Scholar |
Medline34. Soliman, NA, El-Dardiry, SA. Taraxacum officinale and Silybum marianum alone or combined orchestrate experimentally induced hepatic steatosis through lipogenecity, glucose tolerance and oxidant/antioxidant status. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2015;9(4):1918-1928.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i4.17 Google Scholar |
Crossref35. Ni, X, Wang, H. Silymarin attenuated hepatic steatosis through regulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Am J Transl Res. 2016;8(2):1073. PMID: 27158393.
Google Scholar |
Medline36. Zhu, SY, Jiang, N, Yang, J, et al. Silybum marianum oil attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;100:191-197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.144 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline37. Clichici, S, Olteanu, D, Nagy, AL, Oros, A, Filip, A, Mircea, PA. Silymarin inhibits the progression of fibrosis in the early stages of liver injury in CCl4-treated rats. J Med Food. 2015;18(3):290-298.
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.0179 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline38. Ferenci, P, Dragosics, B, Dittrich, H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J. Hepatol. 1989;9(1):105-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90083-4 Google Scholar |
Crossref39. Tighe, SP, Akhtar, D, Iqbal, U, Ahmed, A. Chronic liver disease and silymarin: a biochemical and clinical review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020;8(4):454.
https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00012 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline40. Basaga, H, Poli, G, Tekkaya, C, Aras, I. Free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of ‘silibin’ complexes on microsomal lipid peroxidation. Cell Biochem Funct. 1997;15(1):27-33.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0844(199703)15:1 < 27::AID-CBF714>3.0.CO;2-W Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline41. Machicao, F, Sonnenbichler, J. Mechanism of the stimulation of RNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei by silybin. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977;358(2):141-147.
https://doi.org/10.1515/bchm2.1977.358.1.141 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline42. Shriewer, H, Krämer, U, Rukowski, G, Borjis, KJ. Influence of silybin-dihemisuccinate on fatty acid synthesis in rat liver. Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(3):524-526. PMID: 39576.
Google Scholar |
Medline43. Fiebrich, F, Koch, H. Silymarin an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. Experientia. 1979;35(12):1550-1552.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01953185 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline44. Fiebrich, F, Koch, H. Silymarin an inhibitor of lipooxygenase. Experientia. 1979;35(12):1548-1560.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01953184 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline45. Bindoli, A, Cavallini, L, Siliprandi, N. Inhibitory action of silymarin of lipid peroxide formation in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1977;26(24):2405-2409.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(77)90449-X Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline46. Sonnenbichler, J, Goldberg, M, Hane, L, Madubunyi, I, Vogl, S, Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986;35(3):538-541.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(86)90233-9 Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline47. Koch, HP, Bachner, J, Löffler, E. Silymarin: potent inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1985;7(8):409-413. PMID: 3001454.
Google Scholar |
Medline48. Miadonna, A, Tedeschi, A, Leggieri, E, Lorini, M, Froldi, M, Zanussi, C. Effects of silybin on histamine release from human basophil leucocytes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;24(6):747-752.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03241.x Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline49. Moroni, PL, Barcellini, W, Borghi, M. Sylibinin inhibition of human T lymphocyte. Activation. Int J Tissue React. 1988;10(3):177-181. PMID: 3265704.
Google Scholar |
Medline50. Chávez, E, Bravo,
留言 (0)