The controversy of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients

1. World Health Organization . Listings of WHO’s response to COVID-19, https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline (2020, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar2. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center . COVID-19 Map, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (2020, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar3. Garg, S, Kim, L, Whitaker, M, et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69(15): 458–464.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Piva, S, Filippini, M, Turla, F, et al. Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy. J Crit Care 2020; 58: 29–33.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Pareek, M, Bangash, MN, Pareek, N, et al. Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority. Lancet 2020; 395: 1421–1422.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 1054–1062.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Epidemiology Group of New Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention . Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia. Zhong Guo Di Fang Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41: 145–151.
Google Scholar8. NICE . Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and treatment. NICE https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136/resources/visual-summary-pdf-6899919517 (2019, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar9. Hoffmann, M, Kleine-Weber, H, Schroeder, S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell 2020; 181(2): 271–280.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Ferrario, CM, Jessup, J, Chappell, MC, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circ 2005; 111: 2605–2610.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Khashkhusha, TR, Chan, JSK, Harky, A. ACEi and ARB with COVID-19. J Card Surg 2020; 35(6): 1388.
Google Scholar | Crossref12. Yang, X, Sun, S, Cai, J, et al. Effects of ACEI and ARB on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21(4): 147032032098132.
Google Scholar13. Vaduganathan, M, Vardeny, O, Michel, T, et al. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1653–1659.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Donoghue, M, Hsieh, F, Baronas, E, et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res 2000; 87(5): e1–9.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Tipnis, SR, Hooper, NM, Hyde, R, et al. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 33238–33243.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI16. Hippisley-Cox, J, Young, D, Coupland, C, et al. Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people. Heart 2020; 106: 1503–1511.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Milne, S, Chen, XY, Timens, W, et al. SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and RAAS inhibitors. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8: E50–E51.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Campbell, D, Zeitz, C, Esler, M, et al. Evidence against a major role for angiotensin converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) in angiotensin peptide metabolism in the human coronary circulation. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 1971–1976.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Ramchand, J, Patel, SK, Srivastava, PM, et al. Elevated plasma angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2018; 13(6): e0198144.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Furuhashi, M, Moniwa, N, Mita, T, et al. Urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in hypertensive patients may be increased by olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Am J Hypertens 2014; 28: 15–21.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Luque, M, Martin, P, Martell, N, et al. Effects of captopril related to increased levels of prostacyclin and angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1996; 14: 799–805.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. NICE . Factors for decision making: COVID-19 rapid evidence summary: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in people with or at risk of COVID-19: Advice. https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/es24/chapter/Factors-for-decision-making (2020, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar23. European Society of Cardiology . First randomised trial backs safety of common heart drugs in COVID-19 patients. https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/LOPES (2020, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar24. Lopes, R, Macedo, A, Silva, P, et al. Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–The BRACE CORONA Trial. Am Heart J 2020; 226: 49–59.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Khashkhusha, TR, Chan, JSK, Harky, A. ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: we don’t know yet. J Card Surg 2020; 35(6): 1172–1173.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Patel, AB, Verma, A. COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers what is the evidence? JAMA 2020; 323: 1769–1770.
Google Scholar | Medline27. Jiang, F, Yang, J, Zhang, Y, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1–7: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014; 11: 413–426.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Zou, Z, Yan, Y, Shu, Y, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infections. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 3594.
Google Scholar | Crossref29. Khan, A, Benthin, C, Zeno, B, et al. A pilot clinical trial of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2017; 21(1): 234.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Recombinant Human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (rhACE2) as a Treatment for Patients With COVID-19—Full Text View . Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04287686 (2020, accessed 7 December 2020).
Google Scholar31. Losartan for Patients With COVID-19 Requiring Hospitalization—Full Text View . Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04312009 (2020, 7 accessed December 2020).
Google Scholar

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif