What Would Become of Nuclear Risk if Governments Changed Their Regulations to Recognize the Evidence of Radiation’s Beneficial Health Effects for Exposures That Are Below the Thresholds for Detrimental Effects?

1. Eisenhower, DD . Atoms for peace. Address to the 470th plenary meeting of the United Nations general assembly, 1953. https://www.iaea.org/about/history/atoms-for-peace-speech. https://www.iaea.org/about/history/atoms-for-peace-speech.
Google Scholar2. Calabrese, EJ . The linear No-Threshold (LNT) dose response model: A comprehensive assessment of its historical and scientific foundations. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;301:6-25.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Divine, RA . Blowing on the Wind: The Nuclear Test Ban Debate 1954-1960. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1978. DOI: 10.1177/003232928000900306.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals4. National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) . The biological effects of atomic radiation (BEAR): a report to the public. NAS/NRC, Washington published as, Genetic effects of atomic radiation. Science 1956;124:1157-1164.
Google Scholar | Medline5. Inkret, WC, Meinhold, CB, Taschner, JC. Radiation and risk—a hard look at the data. A brief history of radiation protection standards. Los Alamos Sci. 1995;23:116-123. https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00326631.pdf.
Google Scholar6. Neel, JV, Schull, WJ The effects of exposure to the atomic bombs on pregnancy termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Vol. 461. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1956.
Google Scholar7. Lewis, EB . Leukemia and ionizing radiation. Science. 1957;125:965-972.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI8. Cuttler, JM, Welsh, JS. Leukemia and ionizing radiation revisited. J Leuk. 2015;03(4):202-203. doi:10.4172/2329-6917.1000202.
Google Scholar | Crossref9. Cuttler, JM . Application of low doses of ionizing radiation in medical therapies. Dose-Response. 2020;18(1):1-17.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals10. Whicker, FW . Environmental radiation and life―A broad view. 41st Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture. Health Phys. 2018;114(2):192-203.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Calabrese, EJ . LNT and cancer risk assessment: Its flawed foundations part 1: Radiation and leukemia: Where LNT began. Environ Res. 2021;197:111025.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Calabrese, EJ . LNT and cancer risk assessment: Its flawed foundations part 2: How unsound LNT science became accepted. Environ Res. 2021;197:111041.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Ad Hoc Committee of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements . Somatic radiation dose for the general population. The report of the ad hoc committee of the national committee on radiation protection and measurement. Science. 1959;131:482-486.
Google Scholar | Crossref14. Taylor, LS . Some nonscientific influences on radiation protection standards and practice. The 1980 Sievert Lecture. Health Physics 1980;39(12):851-874.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation . UNSCEAR 1994 Report to the United Nations General Assembly. Annex B, Adaptive Responses to Radiation in Cells and Organisms Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Vienna. Austria: United Nations. http://www.unscear.org/unscear/publications/1994.html (1994).
Google Scholar16. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Civilian Nuclear Power ... a report to the president; 1962. U.S. Department of Energy. Washington. http://tinyurl.com/6xgpkfa p 60.
Google Scholar17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-regulations-and-laws#rpn3
Google Scholar18. Sponsler, R, Cameron, JR. Nuclear shipyard worker study (1980-1988): a large cohort exposed to low-dose-rate gamma radiation. International Journal of Low Radiation 2005;1(4):463-478.
Google Scholar | Crossref19. Matanoski, G. Health effects of low-level radiation in shipyard workers, Final Report, Baltimore, MD, DOE DE-AC02-79 EV10095. 1991. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10103020
Google Scholar20. Port Hope Area, Initiative. 2001-2021. Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. Chalk River. Canada. https://www.phai.ca/en/home/phai/about-the-port-hope-area-initiative/default.aspx
Google Scholar21. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) . Joint position statement and call for action for strengthening radiation protection of patients undergoing recurrent radiological imaging procedures. 2021. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/position_statement_final_endorsed.pdf. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/position_statement_final_endorsed.pdf.
Google Scholar22. Seegenschmiedt, MH, Micke, O, Muecke, R. Radiotherapy for non-malignant disorders: State of the art and update of the evidence-based practice guidelines. Br J Radiol. 2015;88(1051):20150080. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150080.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Royal College of Radiology . A review of the use of radiotherapy in the UK for the treatment of benign clinical conditions and benign tumours. Report No. BFCO(15)1. Not a journal 2015.
Google Scholar24. Fionda, B, Lancellotta, V, Casà, C, et al. Radiotherapy for benign disorders: Current use in clinical practice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25:3440-3443.
Google Scholar | Medline25. Cuttler, JM, Abdellah, E, Goldberg, Y, et al. Low doses of ionizing radiation as a treatment for Alzheimer disease: A pilot study. J Alzheim Dis. 2021;80:1119-1128.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care . Low doses of radiation may improve quality of life for individuals living with severe Alzheimer’s. Toronto. Canada: Baycrest Centre. https://www.baycrest.org/Baycrest-Pages/News-Media/News/Research/Low-doses-of-radiation-may-improve-quality-of-life (2021).
Google Scholar27. Calabrese, EJ, Dhawan, G. How radiotherapy was historically used to treat pneumonia: Could it be useful today? Yale J Biol Med. 2013;86:555-570.
Google Scholar | Medline28. Skinner, HD . Mining the past to treat the present, ever mindful of the future: Low-dose radiotherapy and COVID-19 pneumonia. Cancer. 2020;126:5017-5021.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Kapoor, R, Welsh, JS, Dhawan, V, Javadinia, SA, Calabrese, EJ, Dhawan, G. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for COVID-19 and its deadlier variants. Arch Toxicol. 2021;95:3425-3432.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Calabrese, EJ, Kozumbo, WJ, Kapoor, R, Dhawan, G, Jimenez, CL, Giordano, J. NRF2 activation putatively mediates clinical benefits of low-dose radiotherapy in COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Novel mechanistic considerations. Radiother Oncol. 2021;160:125–131. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.04.015
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Nuclear Regulatory, Commission. Linear no-threshold model and standards for protection against radiation. Fed Reg 2021;86:45923-45936.
Google Scholar32. Siegel, JA, Sacks, B, Greenspan, BS. NRC rejects petitions to end reliance on LNT model. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2021;62(11):17N-22N.
Google Scholar | Medline33. Cuttler, JM . Intervenor report for CNSC public hearing on OPG application for site licence for the darlington new nuclear project, 2021. https://www.nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/the-commission/hearings/cmd/pdf/CMD21/CMD21-H4-22.pdf. https://www.nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/the-commission/hearings/cmd/pdf/CMD21/CMD21-H4-22.pdf.
Google Scholar

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif