1. World Health Organization . Global diffusion of eHealth: making universal health coverage achievable. Report of the third global survey on eHealth, WHO, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/global_diffusion/en/ (2016, accessed 2 December 2020).
Google Scholar2. Shaunfield, S, Wittenberg-Lyles, E, Oliver, DP, et al. Virtual field trips for long-term care residents: a feasibility study. Act Adapt Aging 2014; 38(3): 237–247.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Moffatt, JJ, Eley, DS. The reported benefits of telehealth for rural Australians. Aust Health Rev 2010; 34(3): 276.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI4. Ahrendt, AD, Kattelmann, KK, Rector, TS, et al. The effectiveness of telemedicine for weight management in the MOVE! program. J Rural Health 2014; 30(1): 113–119.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Chung, LM, Law, QP, Fong, SS, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of teledietetics in short-, intermediate-, and long-term weight reduction. J Telemed Telecare 2015; 21(5): 268–275.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI6. Brendryen, H, Kraft, P. Happy ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention. Addiction 2008; 103: 478–484; discussion 485.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI7. Watson, A, Bickmore, T, Cange, A, et al. An internet-based virtual coach to promote physical activity adherence in overweight adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14(1): e1.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI8. Petrie, KJ, Perry, K, Broadbent, E, et al. A text message programme designed to modify patients’ illness and treatment beliefs improves self-reported adherence to asthma preventer medication. Br J Health Psychol 2012; 17(1): 74–84.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI9. Quilici, J, Fugon, L, Beguin, S, et al. Effect of motivational mobile phone short message service on aspirin adherence after coronary stenting for acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168(1): 568–569.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Brath, H, Morak, J, Kästenbauer, T, et al. Mobile health (mHealth) based medication adherence measurement – a pilot trial using electronic blisters in diabetes patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 76(S1): 47–55.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Inglis, SC, Clark, RA, McAlister, FA, et al. Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 8: CD007228.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI12. Polisena, J, Tran, K, Cimon, K, et al. Home telehealth for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare 2010; 16(3): 120–127.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI13. Dalleck, LC, Schmidt, LK, Lueker, R. Cardiac rehabilitation outcomes in a conventional versus telemedicine-based programme. J Telemed Telecare 2011; 17(5): 217–221.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI14. Johansson, T, Wild, C. Telerehabilitation in stroke care: a systematic review. J Telemed Telecare 2011; 17: 1–6.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI15. Cottrell, MA, Galea, OA, O’Leary, SP, et al. Real-time telerehabilitation for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions is effective and comparable to standard practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2017; 31: 625–638.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI16. Timpel, P, Oswald, S, Schwarz, PEH, et al. Mapping the evidence on the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22(3): e16791.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Jones, A, Hedges-Chou, J, Bates, J, et al. Home telehealth for chronic disease management: selected findings of a narrative synthesis. Telemed E Health 2014; 20: 346–380.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. World Health Organisation . Atlas of eHealth country profiles: the use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565219 (2016, accessed 24 July 2021).
Google Scholar19. Jhaveri, D, Larkins, S, Sabesan, S. Telestroke, tele-oncology and teledialysis: a systematic review to analyse the outcomes of active therapies delivered with telemedicine support. J Telemed Telecare 2015; 21(4): 181–188.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI20. Bashshur, R, Doarn, CR, Frenk, JM, et al. Telemedicine and the COVID-19 pandemic, lessons for the future. Telemed J E-Health 2020; 26(5): 571–573.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Smith, AC, Armfield, NR, Croll, J, et al. A review of Medicare expenditure in Australia for psychiatric consultations delivered in person and via videoconference. J Telemed Telecare 2012; 18: 169–171.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI22. Zanaboni, P, Wootton, R. Adoption of telemedicine: from pilot stage to routine delivery. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2012; 12(1): 1.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI23. Van Gemert-Pijnen, JE, Nijland, N, van Limburg, M, et al. A holistic framework to improve the uptake and impact of eHealth technologies. J Med Internet Res 2011; 13: e111.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI24. Lie, SS, Karlsen, B, Oord, ER, et al. Dropout from an eHealth intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19(5): e187.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Donkin, L, Christensen, H, Naismith, SL, et al. A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies. J Med Internet Res 2011; 13: e52.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Farvolden, P, Denisoff, E, Selby, P, et al. Usage and longitudinal effectiveness of a web-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy program for panic disorder. J Med Internet Res 2005; 7(1): e7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Harst, L, Lantzsch, H, Scheibe, M. Theories predicting end-user acceptance of telemedicine use: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21: e13117.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. Sood, S, Mbarika, V, Jugoo, S, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E-Health 2007; 13(5): 573–590.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI29. American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care in Diabetes: 2016 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes 2016; 34(1): 3–21.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Arksey, H, O’Malley, L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005; 8(1): 19–32.
Google Scholar | Crossref31. Higgins, J, Thomas, J, Chandler, J, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). London: Cochrane, 2021.
Google Scholar32. Cugelman, B . Gamification: what it is and why it matters to digital health behavior change developers. JMIR Serious Games 2013; 1(1): e3.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Harst, L, Oswald, S, Timpel, P. GMS (German medical science), 18. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung, what are effective components of game-based digital health interventions for diabetes? https://www.egms.de/static/de/meetings/dkvf2019/19dkvf032.shtml (2019, accessed 26 February 2021).
Google Scholar34. Hung, M, Conrad, J, Hon, SD, et al. Uncovering patterns of technology use in consumer health informatics. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat 2013; 5(6): 432–447.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Otto, L, Harst, L, Schlieter, H, et al. Towards a unified understanding of eHealth and related terms: proposal of a consolidated terminological basis. In: Proceedings of the 11th international joint conference on biomedical engineering systems and technologies, 2018, pp.533–539. Setubal, Portugal: Scitepress.
Google Scholar | Crossref36. Mayring, P . Qualitative content analysis. Forum Qual Soc Res 2000; 1(2).
Google Scholar37. Esser, PE, Goossens, RH. A framework for the design of user-centred teleconsulting systems. J Telemed Telecare 2009; 15(1): 32–39.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI38. Moher, D, Liberati, A, Tetzlaff, J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6(7): e1000097.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI39. Development Assistance Committee . DAC list of ODA recipients effective for reporting on 2021 flows. https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/DAC-List-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2021-flows.pdf (2021, accessed 27 August 2021).
Google Scholar40. Rasche, P, Wille, M, Bröhl, C, et al. Prevalence of health app use among older adults in Germany: national survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6(1): e26.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Tarver, WL, Robb, BW, Haggstrom, DA. Usefulness and usability of a personal health record and survivorship care plan for colorectal cancer survivors: survey study. JMIR Cancer 2019; 5(2): e10692.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. Grindrod, KA, Li, M, Gates, A. Evaluating user perceptions of mobile medication management applications with older adults: a usability study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2014; 2(1): e11.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI43. Lyles, CR, Allen, JY, Poole, D, et al. “I want to keep the personal relationship with my doctor”: understanding barriers to portal use among African Americans and Latinos. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18(10): e263.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline44. Hiratsuka, V, Delafield, R, Starks, H, et al. Patient and provider perspectives on using telemedicine for chronic disease management among native Hawaiian and Alaska native people. Int J Circumpolar Health 2013; 72(1): 21401.
Google Scholar | Crossref45. Infarinato, F, Jansen-Kosterink, S, Romano, P, et al. Acceptance and potential impact of the eWALL platform for health monitoring and promotion in persons with a chronic disease or age-related impairment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(21): pi: E7893.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline46. Nicklas, JM, Leiferman, JA, Lockhart, S, et al. Development and modification of a mobile health program to promote postpartum weight loss in women at elevated risk for cardiometabolic disease: single-arm pilot study. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4(4): e16151.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Woolderink, M, Bindels, JA, Evers, SM, et al. An online health prevention intervention for youth with addicted or mentally ill parents: experiences and perspectives of participants and providers from a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17(12): e274.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline48. De Jong, JM, Ogink, PA, van Bunningen, CG, et al. A cloud-based virtual outpatient clinic for patient-centered care: proof-of-concept study. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20(9): e10135.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Pai, HH, Lau, F, Barnett, J, et al. Meeting the health information needs of prostate cancer patients using personal health records. Curr Oncol 2013; 20(6): e561–e569.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI50. Chun, YJ, Patterson, PE. A usability gap between older adults and younger adults on interface design of an Internet-based telemedicine system. Work 2012; 41(Suppl 1): 349–352.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline51. Colorafi, K, Greenes, RA, Kates, M. Preferences of older adults and their families for meaningful use clinical summaries. mHealth 2018; 4: 8.