1.Torres J Mehandru S Colombel J-F Peyrin-Biroulet L

Crohn's disease.

Lancet. 389: 1741-17552.Torres J Bonovas S Doherty G et al.

ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: medical treatment.

J Crohns Colitis. 14: 4-223.Sandborn WJ Hanauer S Van Assche G et al.

Treating beyond symptoms with a view to improving patient outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases.

J Crohns Colitis. 8: 927-9354.Schnitzler F Fidder H Ferrante M et al.

Mucosal healing predicts long-term outcome of maintenance therapy with infliximab in Crohn's disease.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 15: 1295-13015.Hommes D Colombel J-F Emery P Greco M Sandborn WJ

Changing Crohn's disease management: need for new goals and indices to prevent disability and improve quality of life.

J Crohn Colitis. 6: S224-S2346.Peyrin-Biroulet L Sandborn W Sands BE et al.

Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target.

Am J Gastroenterol. 110: 1324-13387.Colombel J-F Panaccione R Bossuyt P et al.

Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial.

Lancet. 390: 2779-27898.Deepak P Fowler KJ Fletcher JG Bruining DH

Novel imaging approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 25: 248-2609.Deepak P Fletcher JG Fidler JL Bruining DH

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease: assessment of radiologic criteria and endpoints for clinical practice and trials.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 22: 2280-228810.Buisson A Joubert A Montoriol P-F et al.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting and assessing ileal inflammation in Crohn's disease.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 37: 537-54511.Ordás I Rimola J Alfaro I et al.

Development and validation of a simplified magnetic resonance index of activity for Crohn's disease.

Gastroenterology. 157: 432-43912.Minordi LM Larosa L Papa A et al.

A review of magnetic resonance enterography classification and quantitative evaluation of active disease in patients with Crohn's disease.

Clin Imaging. 69: 50-6213.Guimarães LS Greer MC Dillman JR Fletcher JG

Magnetic resonance in Crohn's disease: diagnosis, disease burden, and classification.

Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 28: 31-4414.Pariente B Mary J-Y Danese S et al.

Development of the Lémann index to assess digestive tract damage in patients with Crohn's disease.

Gastroenterology. 148: 52-6315.Makanyanga JC Pendsé D Dikaios N et al.

Evaluation of Crohn's disease activity: initial validation of a magnetic resonance enterography global score (MEGS) against faecal calprotectin.

Eur Radiol. 24: 277-28716.Steward MJ Punwani S Proctor I et al.

Non-perforating small bowel Crohn's disease assessed by MRI enterography: derivation and histopathological validation of an MR-based activity index.

Eur J Radiol. 81: 2080-208817.

Treat-to-target in Crohn's disease: will transmural healing become a therapeutic endpoint?.

World J Clin Cases. 6: 501-51318.Castiglione F Mainenti P Testa A et al.

Cross-sectional evaluation of transmural healing in patients with Crohn's disease on maintenance treatment with anti-TNF alpha agents.

Dig Liver Dis. 49: 484-48919.

Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version version 5·0.1. The Cochrane Collaboration. https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org (accessed Dec 12, 2020).

20.Moher D Liberati A Tetzlaff J Altman DG PRISMA Group

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

Ann Intern Med. 151: 264-26921.Wells G Shea B O'Connell D et al.

The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.

22.Castiglione F Imperatore N Testa A et al.

One-year clinical outcomes with biologics in Crohn's disease: transmural healing compared with mucosal or no healing.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 49: 1026-103923.Castiglione F Testa A Rea M et al.

Transmural healing evaluated by bowel sonography in patients with Crohn's disease on maintenance treatment with biologics.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 19: 1928-193424.Paredes JM Moreno N Latorre P et al.

Clinical impact of sonographic transmural healing after anti-TNF antibody treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.

Dig Dis Sci. 64: 2600-260625.Orlando S Fraquelli M Coletta M et al.

Ultrasound elasticity imaging predicts therapeutic outcomes of patients with Crohn's disease treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor antibodies.

J Crohns Colitis. 12: 63-7026.Civitelli F Nuti F Oliva S et al.

Looking beyond mucosal healing: effect of biologic therapy on transmural healing in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 22: 2418-242427.Eder P Łykowska-Szuber L Katulska K et al.

Intestinal healing after anti-TNF induction therapy predicts long-term response to one-year treatment in patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease naive to anti-TNF agents.

Prz Gastroenterol. 11: 187-19328.Sauer CG Middleton JP McCracken C et al.

Magnetic resonance enterography healing and magnetic resonance enterography remission predicts improved outcome in pediatric Crohn disease.

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 62: 378-38329.Weinstein-Nakar I Focht G Church P et al.

Associations among mucosal and transmural healing and fecal level of calprotectin in children with Crohn's disease.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 16: 1089-109730.Laterza L Piscaglia AC Minordi LM et al.

Multiparametric evaluation predicts different mid-term outcomes in Crohn's disease.

Dig Dis. 36: 184-19331.Fernandes SR Rodrigues RV Bernardo S et al.

Transmural healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes of patients with Crohn's disease.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 23: 1403-140932.Deepak P Fletcher JG Fidler JL et al.

Radiological response is associated with better long-term outcomes and is a potential treatment target in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease.

Am J Gastroenterol. 111: 997-100633.Hallé E Azahaf M Duveau N et al.

Radiological response is associated with better outcomes and should be considered a therapeutic target in Crohn's disease.

Dig Dis Sci. 65: 2664-267434.Ripollés T Paredes JM Martínez-Pérez MJ et al.

Ultrasonographic changes at 12 weeks of anti-TNF drugs predict 1-year sonographic response and clinical outcome in Crohn's disease: a multicenter study.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 22: 2465-247335.Noh SM Oh EH Park SH et al.

Association of faecal calprotectin level and combined endoscopic and radiological healing in patients with Crohn's disease receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.

J Crohns Colitis. 14: 1231-124036.Buisson A Hordonneau C Goutorbe F et al.

Bowel wall healing assessed using magnetic resonance imaging predicts sustained clinical remission and decreased risk of surgery in Crohn's disease.

J Gastroenterol. 54: 312-32037.Lafeuille P Hordonneau C Vignette J et al.

Transmural healing and MRI healing are associated with lower risk of bowel damage progression than endoscopic mucosal healing in Crohn's disease.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 53: 577-58638.Rutgeerts P Reinisch W Colombel J-F et al.

Agreement of site and central readings of ileocolonoscopic scores in Crohn's disease: comparison using data from the EXTEND trial.

Gastrointest Endosc. 83: 188-19739.

Can magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) replace ileo-colonoscopy for evaluating disease activity in Crohn's disease?.

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 38–3910162140.Bruining DH Zimmermann EM Loftus Jr, EV et al.

Consensus recommendations for evaluation, interpretation, and utilization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease.

Gastroenterology. 154: 1172-119441.Allocca M Danese S Laurent V Peyrin-Biroulet L

Use of cross-sectional imaging for tight monitoring of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 18: 1309-132342.Miles A Bhatnagar G Halligan S et al.

Magnetic resonance enterography, small bowel ultrasound and colonoscopy to diagnose and stage Crohn's disease: patient acceptability and perceived burden.

Eur Radiol. 29: 1083-109343.Medellin A Merrill C Wilson SR

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of the bowel.

Abdom Radiol (NY). 43: 918-93344.Messadeg L Hordonneau C Bouguen G et al.

Early transmural response assessed using magnetic resonance imaging could predict sustained clinical remission and prevent bowel damage in patients with Crohn's disease treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.

J Crohn Colitis. 14: 1524-153445.Castiglione F Mainenti PP De Palma GD et al.

Noninvasive diagnosis of small bowel Crohn's disease: direct comparison of bowel sonography and magnetic resonance enterography.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 19: 991-99846.Yu H Wang Y Wang Z Li J Lu J Hu D

Prospective comparison of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography and contrast enhanced computed tomography enterography for the detection of ileocolonic Crohn's disease.

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 35: 1136-114247.

Diagnostic imaging and radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease.

World J Gastroenterol. 22: 2165-217848.Moreno N Ripollés T Paredes JM et al.

Usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography in the analysis of endoscopic activity in patients with Crohn's disease: changes following treatment with immunomodulators and/or anti-TNF antibodies.

J Crohn Colitis. 8: 1079-108749.Cerrillo E Beltrán B Pous S et al.

Fecal calprotectin in ileal Crohn's disease: relationship with magnetic resonance enterography and a pathology score.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 21: 1572-157950.Jauregui-Amezaga A Rimola J Ordás I et al.

Value of endoscopy and MRI for predicting intestinal surgery in patients with Crohn's disease in the era of biologics.

Gut. 64: 1397-140251.Van Assche G Herrmann KA Louis E et al.

Effects of infliximab therapy on transmural lesions as assessed by magnetic resonance enteroclysis in patients with ileal Crohn's disease.

J Crohns Colitis. 7: 950-95752.Catalano OA Gee MS Nicolai E et al.

Evaluation of quantitative PET/MR enterography biomarkers for discrimination of inflammatory strictures from fibrotic strictures in Crohn disease.

Radiology. 278: 792-80053.Danese S Sandborn WJ Colombel J-F et al.

Endoscopic, radiologic, and histologic healing with vedolizumab in patients with active Crohn's disease.

Gastroenterology. 157: 1007-101854.Turner D Ricciuto A Lewis A et al.

STRIDE-II: an update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD.

Gastroenterology. 160: 1570-1583