Stafford, M., Steventon, A., Thorlby, R., Fisher, R., Turton, C., & Deeny, S. (2018). Briefing: Understanding the health care needs of people with multiple health conditions. The Health Foundation.

Google Scholar 

Barnett, K., Mercer, S. W., Norbury, M., Watt, G., Wyke, S., & Guthrie, B. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 380(9836), 37–43.

Article  Google Scholar 

Schiotz, M. L., Stockmarr, A., Host, D., Glumer, C., & Frolich, A. (2017). Social disparities in the prevalence of multimorbidity - A register-based population study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 422.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rayman, G., Akpan, A., Cowie, M., Evans, R., Patel, M., Posporelis, S., & Walsh, K. (2022). Managing patients with comorbidities: Future models of care. Future Healthcare Journal, 9(2), 101–105.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Skou, S. T., Mair, F. S., Fortin, M., Guthrie, B., Nunes, B. P., Miranda, J. J., Boyd, C. M., Pati, S., Mtenga, S., & Smith, S. M. (2022). Multimorbidity. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 8(1), 48.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moffat, K., & Mercer, S. W. (2015). Challenges of managing people with multimorbidity in today’s healthcare systems. BMC Family Practice. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-015-0344-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith, S. M., Wallace, E., Clyne, B., Boland, F., & Fortin, M. (2021). Interventions for improving outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community setting: A systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 271.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith, S. M., Wallace, E., Salisbury, C., Sasseville, M., Bayliss, E., & Fortin, M. (2018). A Core Outcome Set for Multimorbidity Research (COSmm). The Annals of Family Medicine., 16(2), 132–138.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salisbury, C., Man, M. S., Bower, P., Guthrie, B., Chaplin, K., Gaunt, D. M., Brookes, S., Fitzpatrick, B., Gardner, C., Hollinghurst, S., Lee, V., McLeod, J., Mann, C., Moffat, K. R., & Mercer, S. W. (2018). Management of multimorbidity using a patient-centred care model: A pragmatic cluster-randomised trial of the 3D approach. The Lancet, 392(10141), 41–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

EQ-5D-5L: EUROQOL. Retrieved 11.10.2024, from https://euroqol.org/information-and-support/euroqol-instruments/eq-5d-5l/.

36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36): RAND. Retrieved 11.10.2024, from https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/36-item-short-form.html.

Brodersen, J., Doward, L. C., Thorsen, H., McKenna, S. P. Writing health-related items for rasch models - patient reported outcome scales for health sciences: From medical paternalism to patient autonomy [Pre-publication].

Feng, Y.-S., Kohlmann, T., Janssen, M. F., & Buchholz, I. (2021). Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L: A systematic review of the literature. Quality of Life Research, 30(3), 647–673.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konnopka, A., & Koenig, H.-H. (2017). The, “no problems”-problem: An empirical analysis of ceiling effects on the EQ-5D 5L. Quality of Life Research, 26(8), 2079–2084.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smith, A. B. (2014). Differential item functioning and the Eq-5d: Evidence from the Uk Hospital Episode Statistics. Value Health, 17(7), A514.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lutomski, J. E., Hoekstra, T., Akker, M. V. D., Blom, J., Calderón-Larrañaga, A., Marengoni, A., Prados-Torres, A., Olde-Rikkert, M., Melis, R., TOPICS-MDS Consortium. (2023). Multimorbidity patterns in older persons and their association with self-reported quality of life and limitations in activities of daily living. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 115, 105134.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Møller, A., Bissenbakker, K. H., Arreskov, A. B., & Brodersen, J. (2020). Specific measures of quality of life in patients with multimorbidity in primary healthcare: A systematic review on patient-reported outcome measures’ adequacy of measurement. Patient Related Outcome Measures, 11, 1–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fortin, M., Stewart, M., Almirall, J., & Beaupré, P. (2022). Challenges in multimorbidity research: Lessons learned from the most recent randomized controlled trials in primary care. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 815783.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stokes, J., Bower, P., Smith, S. M., Guthrie, B., Blakeman, T., Valderas, J. M., & Salisbury, C. (2024). A primary care research agenda for multiple long-term conditions: A Delphi study. British Journal of General Practice, 74(741), e258–e263.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bissenbakker, K., Møller, A., Brodersen, J. B., & Jønsson, A. B. R. (2022). Conceptualisation of a measurement framework for needs-based quality of life among patients with multimorbidity. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00489-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bissenbakker, K., Møller, A., Jønsson, A. B. R., & Brodersen, J. (2023). Generating items for measuring needs-based quality of life and self-perceived health inequity in patients with multimorbidity: Development of the MultiMorbidity Questionnaire (MMQ). Patient Related Outcome Measures, 14, 269–282.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bissenbakker, K., Siersma, V., Jønsson, A. B. R., Møller, A., Christensen, K. B., & Brodersen, J. B. (2023). Measuring needs-based quality of life and self-perceived health inequity in patients with multimorbidity: Investigating psychometric measurement properties of the MultiMorbidity Questionnaire (MMQ) using primarily Rasch models. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-023-00633-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bissenbaker, K. (2022). Adequacy of Quality of Life measurement in patients with multimorbidity (PhD Thesis). University of Copenhagen.

Google Scholar 

McKenna, S. P., Doward, L. C., Meads, D., Patrick, D., & Tennant, A. (2004). Summary of needs-based quality of life instruments. Value Health, 7, S39–S40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Maslow, A. (1987). A theory of human motivation. Motivation and personality (3rd ed., pp. 15–31). Harper & Row.

Google Scholar 

Doward, L. C., McKenna, S. P., & Meads, D. M. (2004). Effectiveness of needs-based quality of life instruments. Value Health, 7, S35–S38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holm, A., Lyhnebeck, A. B., Rozing, M., Buhl, S. F., Willadsen, T. G., Prior, A., Christiansen, A. L., Kristensen, J., Andersen, J. S., Waldorff, F. B., Siersma, V., Brodersen, J. B., Reventlow, S., MM600 Project Team. (2024). Effectiveness of an adaptive, multifaceted intervention to enhance care for patients with complex multimorbidity in general practice: Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (the MM600 trial). British Medical Journal Open, 14(2), e077441.

Google Scholar 

Krogsgaard, M. R., Brodersen, J., Christensen, K. B., Siersma, V., Jensen, J., Hansen, C. F., Engebretsen, L., Visnes, H., Forssblad, M., & Comins, J. D. (2021). How to translate and locally adapt a PROM. Assessment of cross-cultural differential item functioning. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(5), 999–1008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Willis, G., & Reeve, B. B. (2005). Barofsky I The use of cognitive interviewing techniques in quality-of-life and patient-reported outcomes assessment. Outcome assessment in cancer: Measures, methods and application (pp. 610–623). Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar 

Collins, D. (2003). Pretesting survey instruments: An overview of cognitive methods. Quality of Life Research, 12(3), 229–238.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mercer, S. W. (2024). Mutlimorbidity sampling in primary care [personal communication regarding unpublished study].

Sweeney, K. D., Donaghy, E., Henderson, D., Huang, H., Wang, H. H., Thompson, A., Guthrie, B., & Mercer, S. W. (2023). Patients’ experiences of GP consultations following the introduction of the new GP contract in Scotland: Cross-sectional survey. British Journal of General Practice. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGP.2023.0239

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Janabi, H., Flynn, T., & Coast, J. N. (2012). Development of a self-report measure of capability wellbeing for adults: The ICECAP-A. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 167–176.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727–1736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mercer, S. W., Maxwell, M., Heaney, D., & Watt, G. C. (2004). The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: Development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure. Family Practice, 21(6), 699–705.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reeve, B. B., Wyrwich, K. W., Wu, A. W., Velikova, G., Terwee, C. B., Snyder, C. F., Schwartz, C., Revicki, D. A., Moinpour, C. M., McLeod, L. D., Lyons, J. C., Lenderking, W. R., Hinds, P. S., Hays, R. D., Greenhalgh, J., Gershon, R., Feeny, D., Fayers, P. M., Cella, D., … Butt, Z. (2013). ISOQOL recommends minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures used in patient-centered outcomes and comparative effectiveness research. Quality of Life Research. 22(8):1889-1905

Mokkink, L. B., de Vet, H. C. W., Prinsen, C. A. C., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., & Terwee, C. B. (2018). COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Quality of Life Research, 27(5), 1171–1179.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(1), 117.

Article