Nitti VW, Ginsberg D, Sievert KD, Sussman D, Radomski S, Sand P, et al. Durable efficacy and safety of long-term onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with overactive bladder syndrome: final results of a 3.5-year study. J Urol. 2016;196(3):791–800.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hashim H, Beusterien K, Bridges JF, Amos K, Cardozo L. Patient preferences for treating refractory overactive bladder in the UK. Int Urol Nephrol. 2015;47(10):1619–27.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sievert KD, Chapple C, Herschorn S, Joshi M, Zhou J, Nardo C, Nitti VW. OnabotulinumtoxinA 100U provides significant improvements in overactive bladder symptoms in patients with urinary incontinence regardless of the number of anticholinergic therapies used or reason for inadequate management of overactive bladder. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(10):1246–56.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kuo YC, Kuo HC. Adverse events of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection between patients with overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis-different mechanisms of action of Botox on bladder dysfunction? Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(3):75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Visco AG, Brubaker L, Richter HE, Nygaard I, Paraiso MF, Menefee SA, Schaffer J, Lowder J, Khandwala S, Sirls L, Spino C, Nolen TL, Wallace D, Meikle SF, Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Anticholinergic therapy vs. onabotulinumtoxinA for urgency urinary incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1803–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Amundsen CL, Richter HE, Menefee SA, Komesu YM, Arya LA, Gregory WT, Myers DL, Zyczynski HM, Vasavada S, Nolen TL, Wallace D, Meikle SF. OnabotulinumtoxinA vs sacral neuromodulation on refractory urgency urinary incontinence in women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316(13):1366–74.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Houman J, Moradzadeh A, Patel DN, Asanad K, Anger JT, Eilber KS. What is the ideal antibiotic prophylaxis for intravesically administered Botox injection? A comparison of two different regimens. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(5):701–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lightner DJ, Wymer K, Sanchez J, Kavoussi L. Best practice statement on urologic procedures and antimicrobial prophylaxis. J Urol. 2020;203:351.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allergan. BOTOX Cosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA) for injection, for intramuscular use. Accessed 1 October 2019.

Wencewicz TA. Crossroads of antibiotic resistance and biosynthesis. J Mol Biol. 2019;431(18):3370–99.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huemer M, Mairpady Shambat S, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Antibiotic resistance and persistence—implications for human health and treatment perspectives. EMBO Rep. 2020;21(12):e51034.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Eckhardt SE, Takashima Y, Handler SJ, Tenggardjaja C, Yazdany T. Antibiotic regimen and route of administration do not alter rates of urinary tract infection after intravesical botulinum toxin injection for overactive bladder. Int Urogynecol J. 2022;33(3):703–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ICS, International Continence Society. Urinary retention. ICS. https://www.ics.org/committees/standardisation/terminologydiscussions/urinaryretention. Accessed Sept 2024

Chapple C, Sievert KD, MacDiarmid S, Khullar V, Radziszewski P, Nardo C, Thompson C, Zhou J, Haag-Molkenteller C. OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U significantly improves all idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol. 2013;64(2):249–56.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Heuer CW, Gisseman JD, Vaccaro CM, Olsen CH, Galgano AC, Dengler KL. Antibiotics for UTI prevention after intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Urogynecology (Phila). 2024;30(3):272–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Getaneh FW, Simhal R, Sholklapper T, Melvin E, Dorris CS, Chou J, Richter LA, Dieter A. Antibiotic prophylaxis for onabotulinum toxin A injections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(1):19–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-023-05665-4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goebel MC, Trautner BW, Grigoryan L. The five Ds of outpatient antibiotic stewardship for urinary tract infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(4): e0000320. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00003-20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar