Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang W-J, Zhao H-P, Yu Y, Wang J-H, Guo L, Liu J-Y, et al. Updates on global epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29:2452–68.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention. Gastroenterol. 2019;14:26–38.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Marino E, Graziosi L, Donini A. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer: where we stand; an Italian Single Center perspective. In Vivo [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Apr 20]; 35: 3459–66. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627715/

Wang X, Zhao D-B, Yang L, Chi Y, Zhao H, Jiang L-M, et al. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer: phase II randomized study. Front Oncol. 2022;12:870741.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu Y, Fang Y, Shen Z, Wang Y, Yan M, Cao H, et al. Oxaliplatin plus capecitabine in the perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma in combination with D2 gastrectomy: NEO-CLASSIC study. Oncologist. 2019;24:1311-e989.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang Q, Zeng X, Zhang C, Yang M, Fan J, Mao G, et al. Lymph node ratio is a prospective prognostic indicator for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol. 2022;20:261.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Batran S-E, Homann N, Pauligk C, Goetze TO, Meiler J, Kasper S, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel versus fluorouracil or capecitabine plus cisplatin and epirubicin for locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2019;393:1948–57.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kang Y-K, Yook JH, Park Y-K, Lee JS, Kim Y-W, Kim JY, et al. PRODIGY: a phase III study of neoadjuvant docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 plus surgery and adjuvant S-1 versus surgery and adjuvant S-1 for resectable advanced gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39:2903–13.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Liang H, Li Z, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, et al. Perioperative or postoperative adjuvant oxaliplatin with S-1 versus adjuvant oxaliplatin with capecitabine in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma undergoing D2 gastrectomy (RESOLVE): an open-label, superiority and non-inferiority, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:1081–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu J, Li T, Liao Z, Yu H, Zhao Y, Wu H, et al. The efficacies and biomarker investigations of antiprogrammed death-1 (anti-PD-1)-based therapies for metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Biol Med. 2021;19:910–30.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jia L, Zhang Q, Zhang R. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade works as an effective and practical therapy for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Biol Med. 2018;15:116–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abaza A, Sid Idris F, Anis Shaikh H, Vahora I, Moparthi KP, Al Rushaidi MT, et al. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy: a promising breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. Cureus. 2023;15:e44582.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pasqualotto E, de Moraes FCA, Chavez MP, Souza MEC, Rodrigues AL, Ferreira ROM, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancers. 2023;15:5143.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Moraes FCA, de OM Lôbo A, Sano VKT, Kelly FA, Burbano RMR. Treatment-related adverse events, including fatal toxicities, in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer receiving adjuvant programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Oncol. 2024;36:e408–19.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Moraes FCA, Pasqualotto E, Lopes LM, Cavalcanti Souza ME, de Oliveira Rodrigues ALS, de Almeida AM, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Cancer. 2023;23:1166.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW, Muro K, Satoh T, Machado M, et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 2 clinical KEYNOTE-059 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:e180013.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L-T, Satoh T, Ryu M-H, Chao Y, Kato K, Chung HC, et al. A phase 3 study of nivolumab in previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (ATTRACTION-2): 2-year update data. Gastric Cancer Off J Int Gastric Cancer Assoc Jpn Gastric Cancer Assoc. 2020;23:510–9.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Shitara K, Özgüroğlu M, Bang Y-J, Di Bartolomeo M, Mandalà M, Ryu M-H, et al. Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE-061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;392:123–33.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ready NE, Ott PA, Hellmann MD, Zugazagoitia J, Hann CL, de Braud F, et al. Nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small cell lung cancer: results from the CheckMate 032 randomized cohort. J Thorac Oncol Off Publ Int Assoc Study Lung Cancer. 2020;15:426–35.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Topalian SL, Taube JM, Pardoll DM. Neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy. Science. 2020;367:eaax0182.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oba T, Kajihara R, Yokoi T, Repasky EA, Ito F. Neoadjuvant in situ immunomodulation enhances systemic antitumor immunity against highly metastatic tumors. Cancer Res. 2021;81:6183–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez AP, Martínez-Pérez A, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, et al. Chemo-immunotherapy: a new trend in cancer treatment. Cancers. 2023;15:2912.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merlano MC, Denaro N, Galizia D, Ruatta F, Occelli M, Minei S, et al. How chemotherapy affects the tumor immune microenvironment: a narrative review. Biomedicines. 2022;10:1822.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaltenmeier C, Althans A, Mascara M, Nassour I, Khan S, Hoehn R, et al. Pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma: a National Cancer Database analysis on incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Am Surg. 2021;87:1145–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi J-M, Li N, Jiang L-M, Yang L, Wang S-L, Song Y-W, et al. A prospective phase II clinical trial of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 2024;14:7522.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:210.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Litton JK, Regan MM, Pusztai L, Rugo HS, Tolaney SM, Garrett-Mayer E, et al. Standardized definitions for efficacy end points in neoadjuvant breast cancer clinical trials: NeoSTEEP. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:4433–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Moraes FCA, Pasqualotto E, Chavez MP, Ferreira ROM, De Castria TB, Burbano RMR. Efficacy and safety of Zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy for advanced CLDN18.2-positive gastric or gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:240.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adverse Events/CTCAE | CTEP [Internet]. [cited 2024 Apr 20]. Available from: https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/adverse_effects.htm

DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–88.