Trial Investigators: A/Prof Emma Ridley (Chief Investigator), Prof Michael Bailey, Prof Marianne Chapman, A/Prof Lee-anne Chapple, Prof Adam Deane, Prof Carol Hodgson, Ms Victoria King, Prof Andrea Marshall, Dr Shay McGuinness, A/Prof Rachael Parke, Prof Andrew Udy Statisticians: Prof Michael Bailey, Dr Eldho Paul Health Economist: Dr Lisa Higgins Project Management: Marlene Gojanovic, Victoria King, Eliza Miller Independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee: Dr Rob Fowler (Chair), Prof David Harrison, Prof Paul Wischmeyer Participating Sites (principal investigators and key contributors alphabetically by institution and all in Australia unless specified): Study sites were identified via an expression of interest process through the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group (ANZICS CTG). Auckland City Hospital Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland, NZ, Farisha Ali, Rebecca Baskett, Magdalena Butler, Keri-Anne Cowdrey, Eileen Gilder, Lydia Gillan, Su-Zahn Koorts, Brittany Mason, Ellie McMahon, Shay McGuinness, Karina O’Connor, Rachael Parke, Melissa Robertson, Samantha Ryan, Anna Small, Andrew Xia; Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Megan Berner, Christine Choong, Glenn Eastwood, Kate Hamilton, Daryl Jones, Leah Peck, Helen Young; Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Lauren Ballantyne, Catherine Boschert, Cameron Knott, Bridget Roberts, Julie Smith; Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Zoe Flick, Kalpesh Gandhi, Barbara Hannah, Yvonne Li, Kiran Nand, Treena Sara, Sylvia Wei; Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Lina Briek, Graeme Duke, Kym Gellie, Stephanie Hunter, Nicole Robertson; Epworth Hospital Richmond, Melbourne, VIC, Jonathan Barrett, Brydie Cleeve, Caroline Guille, Gabrielle Hanlon, Sarah Jelly-Butterworth, Julie O’Donnell, Carmel Zoanetti; Frankston Hospital, Frankston, VIC, Zhoe Coram, Karen Edis, Mike Gomez, Alice Goodman, Kavi Haji, Jenny Moss, Jodie Prendergast, Janet Tam, Ravindranath Tiruvoipati, Fiona Turnbull; Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Julie Cussen, Maimoonbe Gough, Sarah Lovelock, Lisa Mahoney, Andrea Marshall, David Pearson, Mandy Tallott; Grampians Health Ballarat – Acute site, Ballarat, VIC, Emily Ainslie, Kate Flynn, Kerri Gordon, Tim Stewart, Larissa Telfer, Victoria Williams; Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Vishwanath Biradar, Hanaa Chahine, Edda Jessen, Matia Kapsambelis, Melissa Lydyard, Ashlee Martin, Julie Puccini, Natalie Soar, Leah Sommerfield; Mater Misericordiae Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, Bronwyn Bartholomew, Peter Collins, Claire Filet, Mackenzie Finnis, Chloe Jobber, Katherine Jongebloed, Isabel Anne Leditschke; Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, NZ, Kimberley Browning, Jennifer Chang, Dinu Girijadevi, Areege Hussein, Vivian Lai, Rima Song, Tony Williams; Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Oshara de Silva, Ashlee Gervasoni, Carolyn Hall, Lauren Hanna, Sheree Phillips, Yahya Shehabi; Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Rebecca Gresham, Matin Jamei, Sheeja Joy, Julie Lowrey, Kristy Masters, Ian Seppelt, Wendy Tu, Christina Whitehead; Northern Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Tina Aboltins, Hayley Collins, Rachael Evans, Angaj Ghosh, Simone Said, Vivian Tsang; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Lynette De Groot, Ra’eesa Doola, Meg Harward, Cassie Jones, Josephine Mackay, Jason Meyer, Tahnie Takefala, James Walsham; Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, QLD, Stuart Baker, Anthony Khoo, Shannon Lewis, Alyce Nissen, Alexis Tabah, Alicia Wiese; Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Lewis Campbell, Miriam Chin, Rebecca Garcia, Kirsty Smyth, Annabel Thallon; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Emma Bidgood, Jessica Browne, Kathleen Byrne, Adam Deane, Kate Fetterplace, Hilda Griffin, Sarah Phillips, Kym Wittholz; The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Jasmin Board, Peta Bretag, Aidan Burrell, Adam Cunningham, Dashiell Gantner, Ramez Hanna, Kate Lambell, Karina Lay, Elisa Licari, Lee Lin Loh, Emma Martin, Phoebe McCracken, Jenna Obeid, Caitlin Rabel, Peter Thanhauser, Andrew Udy, Chloe Vadiveloo, Cyndi Wong, Meredith Young; The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Cameron French, Greta Hollis, Adrian Powlesland, Kiran Shekar, Marion Vasudevan, Emma Whitmore; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Tennealle Direen, Martine Hatzi, Cathy Kurenda, Sandra Peake, Amber Thatcher, Patricia Williams; University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC, Michelle Horton, Nima Kakho, Matthew Maiden, Tania Salerno, Jemma Trickey.