International Osteoporosis Foundation. Fragility fractures. 2024. https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/health-professionals/fragility-fractures Accessed 16/09/2024

Borgström F, Karlsson L, Ortsäter G, et al. Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):59. Published 2020 Apr 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-0706-y

Tsuda T (2017) Epidemiology of fragility fractures and fall prevention in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Orthop Pract 28(6):580–585. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCO.0000000000000563

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hertz K, Santy-Tomlinson J (eds) (2018) Fragility fracture nursing: holistic care and management of the orthogeriatric patient. Springer, Cham (CH)

Google Scholar 

Lems WF, Dreinhöfer KE, Bischoff-Ferrari H et al (2017) EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures. Ann Rheum Dis 76(5):802–810. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210289

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baker DW et al (2000) The association between age and health literacy among elderly persons. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 55(6):S368–S374

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weiss BD (2003) Health literacy. American Medical Association 253:358

Google Scholar 

Correia JC, Waqas A, Assal JP, et al (2023) Effectiveness of therapeutic patient education interventions for chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:996528. Published 2023 Jan 25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.996528

Schillinger D et al (2004) Functional health literacy and the quality of physician-patient communication among diabetes patients. Patient Educ Couns 52(3):315–323

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ha JF, Longnecker N (2010) Doctor-patient communication: a review. Ochsner J 10(1):38–43

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ratanawongsa N et al (2013) Communication and medication refill adherence: the Diabetes Study of Northern California. JAMA Intern Med 173(3):210–218

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Levinson W, Lesser CS, Epstein RM (2010) Developing physician communication skills for patient-centered care. Health Aff (Millwood) 29(7):1310–1318

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharkiya SH (2023) Quality communication can improve patient-centred health outcomes among older patients: a rapid review. BMC Health Serv Res 23(1):886

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nutbeam D (2000) Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int 15(3):259–267

Article  Google Scholar 

Hesse BW et al (2005) Trust and sources of health information: the impact of the Internet and its implications for health care providers: findings from the first Health Information National Trends Survey. Arch Intern Med 165(22):2618–2624

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell DJ, Estephan LE, Sina EM, Mastrolonardo EV, Alapati R, Amin DR, & Cottrill EE (2024) Evaluating ChatGPT responses on thyroid nodules for patient education. Thyroid: official journal of the American Thyroid Association 34(3): 371–377 https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2023.0491

Pang PC, Chang S, Verspoor K, Pearce J (2016) Designing health websites based on users’ web-based ınformation-seeking behaviors: a mixed-method observational study. J Med Internet Res 18(6):e145. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5661

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roberts H, Zhang D, Dyer GS (2016) The readability of AAOS patient education materials: evaluating the progress since 2008. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98(17):e70. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.15.00658

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. J Appl Psychol. 1948;32(3):221–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057532Kincaid, Peter et al. Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability ındex, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel. (1975).

Zhou S, Jeong H, Green PA (2017) How consistent are the best-known readability equations in estimating the readability of design standards? IEEE Trans Prof Commun 60(1):97–111

Article  Google Scholar 

Erden Y, Temel MH, Bağcıer F (2024) Artificial intelligence insights into osteoporosis: assessing ChatGPT’s information quality and readability. Arch Osteoporos 19(1):17

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gero KI, Liu V, and Chilton L (2022) Sparks: inspiration for science writing using language models, in Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. Association for Computing Machinery: Virtual Event, Australia.: 1002–1019.

White J, et al (2023) A prompt pattern catalog to enhance prompt engineering with ChatGPT. arXiv.org

Kasneci E et al (2023) ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learn Individ Differ 103:102274

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghanem YK, Rouhi AD, Al-Houssan A, et al. Dr. Google to Dr. ChatGPT: assessing the content and quality of artificial intelligence-generated medical information on appendicitis. Surg Endosc. 2024;38(5):2887–2893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-10739-5

Momenaei B, Wakabayashi T, Shahlaee A et al (2023) Appropriateness and readability of ChatGPT-4-generated responses for surgical treatment of retinal diseases. Ophthalmol Retina 7(10):862–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2023.05.022

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirchner GJ, Kim RY, Weddle JB, Bible JE (2023) Can artificial ıntelligence ımprove the readability of patient education materials? Clin Orthop Relat Res 481(11):2260–2267. https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000002668

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martin LR et al (2005) The challenge of patient adherence. Ther Clin Risk Manag 1(3):189–199

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ishikawa H, Hashimoto H, Kiuchi T (2013) The evolving concept of “patient-centeredness” in patient-physician communication research. Soc Sci Med 96:147–153

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu H et al (2023) Influence of health literacy on health outcomes of different social strata—— an empirical study based on the data of China’s health literacy investigation. International Journal for Equity in Health 22(1):42

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Szabó P, Bíró É, Kósa K (2021) Readability and comprehension of printed patient education materials. Front Public Health. 9:725840. Published 2021 Nov 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.725840

Lorge I (1944) Predicting readability. Teach Coll Rec 45:404–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146814404500604

Article  Google Scholar