Park JY, Park J, Baek J, Chang JW, Kim YG, Chang WS (2023) Long-term results on the suppression of secondary brain injury by early administered low-dose baclofen in a traumatic brain injury mouse model. Sci Rep 13(1):18563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45600-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Blennow K, Hardy J, Zetterberg H (2012) The neuropathology and neurobiology of traumatic brain injury. Neuron 76(5):886–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.021

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Corps KN, Roth TL, McGavern DB (2015) Inflammation and neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury. JAMA Neurol 72(3):355–362. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3558

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Karve IP, Taylor JM, Crack PJ (2016) The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 173(4):692–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13125

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shi K, Zhang J, Dong JF, Shi FD (2019) Dissemination of brain inflammation in traumatic brain injury. Cell Mol Immunol 16(6):523–530. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0213-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Loane DJ, Faden AI (2010) Neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury: translational challenges and emerging therapeutic strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 31(12):596–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2010.09.005

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Strogulski NR, Portela LV, Polster BM, Loane DJ (2023) Fundamental neurochemistry review: microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 167(2):129–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15959

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Decimo I, Fumagalli G, Berton V, Krampera M, Bifari F (2012) Meninges: from protective membrane to stem cell niche. Am J stem cells 1(2):92–105

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Weller RO (2005) Microscopic morphology and histology of the human meninges. Morphologie 89(284):22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1286-0115(05)83235-7

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Johnson VE, Meaney DF, Cullen DK, Smith DH (2015) Animal models of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol 127:115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52892-6.00008-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tolescu RS, Zorila MV, Kamal KC, Marinas MC, Zorila GL, Muresan CO, Zavoi RE, Oprica AC, Florou C, Mogoanta L, Mitroi G (2022) Histological and immunohistochemical study of brain damage in traumatic brain injuries in children, depending on the survival period. Rom J Morphol Embryol 63(1):169–179. https://doi.org/10.47162/RJME.63.1.18

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McNamara EH, Knutsen A, Korotcov A, Bosomtwi A, Liu J, Fu AH, Kostelnik C, Grillakis AA, Spencer H, Dardzinski B, McCabe JT (2022) Meningeal and visual pathway magnetic resonance imaging analysis after single and repetitive closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA)-Induced disruption in male and female mice. J Neurotrauma 39(11–12):784–799. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2021.0494

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

George KK, Heithoff BP, Shandra O, Robel S (2022) Mild traumatic brain injury/concussion initiates an atypical astrocyte response caused by blood-brain barrier dysfunction. J Neurotrauma 39(1–2):211–226. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2021.0204

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bolte AC, Lukens JR (2021) Neuroimmune cleanup crews in brain injury. Trends Immunol 42(6):480–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2021.04.003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bolte AC, Dutta AB, Hurt ME, Smirnov I, Kovacs MA, McKee CA, Ennerfelt HE, Shapiro D, Nguyen BH, Frost EL, Lammert CR, Kipnis J, Lukens JR (2020) Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exacerbates traumatic brain injury pathogenesis. Nat Commun 11(1):4524. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18113-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Erickson MA, Banks WA (2018) Neuroimmune axes of the blood-brain barriers and blood-brain interfaces: bases for physiological regulation, disease states, and pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Rev 70(2):278–314. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.117.014647

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bodnar CN, Watson JB, Higgins EK, Quan N, Bachstetter AD (2021) Inflammatory regulation of CNS barriers after traumatic brain injury: a tale directed by interleukin-1. Front Immunol 12:688254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.688254

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee JJ, Segar DJ, Morrison JF, Mangham WM, Lee S, Asaad WF (2018) Subdural hematoma as a major determinant of short-term outcomes in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 128(1):236–249. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.5.Jns16255

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norris GT, Kipnis J (2019) Immune cells and CNS physiology: microglia and beyond. J Exp Med 216(1):60–70. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180199

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Roth TL, Nayak D, Atanasijevic T, Koretsky AP, Latour LL, McGavern DB (2014) Transcranial amelioration of inflammation and cell death after brain injury. Nature 505(7482):223–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12808

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Buenaventura RG, Harvey AC, Burns MP, Main BS (2023) Traumatic brain injury induces an adaptive immune response in the meningeal transcriptome that is amplified by aging. Front NeuroSci 17:1210175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1210175

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bolte AC, Shapiro DA, Dutta AB, Ma WF, Bruch KR, Kovacs MA, Royo Marco A, Ennerfelt HE, Lukens JR (2023) The meningeal transcriptional response to traumatic brain injury and aging. eLife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81154

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Virenque A, Koivisto H, Antila S, Zub E, Rooney EJ, Miszczuk D, Müller A, Stoka E, Marchi N, Alitalo K, Tanila H, Noe FM (2022) Significance of developmental meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in experimental post-traumatic injury. Brain Behav Immun Health  23:100466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100466

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Russo MV, Latour LL, McGavern DB (2018) Distinct myeloid cell subsets promote meningeal remodeling and vascular repair after mild traumatic brain injury. Nat Immunol 19(5):442–452. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0086-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mastorakos P, Russo MV, Zhou T, Johnson K, McGavern DB (2021) Antimicrobial immunity impedes CNS vascular repair following brain injury. Nat Immunol 22(10):1280–1293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01012-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dore-Duffy P, Owen C, Balabanov R, Murphy S, Beaumont T, Rafols JA (2000) Pericyte migration from the vascular wall in response to traumatic brain injury. Microvasc Res 60(1):55–69. https://doi.org/10.1006/mvre.2000.2244

Article  PubMed  CAS