N.H.: Abbvie; Honoraria. T.Y.: Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Nihon Shinyaku: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sumitomo Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Nihon Kayaku: Honoraria, Research Funding. K.F.: Janssen: Honoraria. S.I.: Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Otsuka Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; SymBio Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Meiji Pharma: Honoraria; Nippon; Shinyaku: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. A.G.: Nihon Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Taiho Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sumitomo Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Chugai Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Asahi Kasei Pharma: Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria; Takeda Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer Japan: Honoraria; Otsuka Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; PharmaEssentia Japan: Consultancy, Honoraria. T.I.: Asahi Kasei Pharma, Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Novartis Pharma KK, Pfizer Japan Inc., Takeda: Honoraria. C.Y.: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. G.Y.: AbbVie: Honoraria; astellas: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited: Honoraria; Amgen inc.: Honoraria. J.K.: Amgen: Ended employment in the past 24 months, Honoraria; Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.: Honoraria; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Honoraria; Sanofi K.K.: Honoraria; AbbVie Pharma: Honoraria; Megakaryon Co.: Honoraria; Eisai Co.: Research Funding. N.T.: Astellas pharma: Other: Commissioned research and joint research, Research Funding; Asahi Kasei: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Otsuka Pharmaceutical: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Mochida Pharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. E.S.: Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Kyowa-Kirin: Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding; Human Life Cord Japan: Consultancy; Ohara: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau. K.U.: Takeda: Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku: Research Funding; SymBio: Research Funding; Alexion: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Alnylam Japan: Research Funding; Sando: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Otsuka: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Ohara: Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding; Kyowa-Kirin: Research Funding. Y.M.: Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Taiho Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Tejin Pharma: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Sumitomo Pharma Oncology: Research Funding; Shionogi: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Otsuka: Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku: Research Funding; Nihonkayaku: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Research Funding; Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma: Research Funding; Asahi Kasei: Research Funding; Taiho Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Shinogi: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Otsuka: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria; Meiji Seika Kaisha: Honoraria; Lilly: Honoraria, Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Honoraria; Eisai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Chugai Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Pfizer Japan Inc.: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis Pharma KK: Honoraria. Takayuki Ikezoe and Emiko Sakaida are editors of International Journal of Hematology.

The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at each center and carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.