Le HV, Lee SJ, Nazarian A et al (2017) Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments. Shoulder Elb 9:75–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758573216676786

Article  Google Scholar 

Millar NL, Meakins A, Struyf F et al (2022) Frozen shoulder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 8:59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00386-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hand GC, Athanasou NA, Matthews T et al (2007) The pathology of frozen shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89:928–932. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.89B7.19097

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Neviaser AS, Neviaser RJ (2011) Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201109000-00004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simon WH (1975) Soft tissue disorders of the shoulder. Frozen shoulder, calcific tendintis, and bicipital tendinitis. Orthop Clin North Am 6:521–539

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Neviaser JS (1945) Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, a study of the pathological findings in periarthritis of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg 27:211–222

Google Scholar 

Mezian K, Coffey R, Chang KV (2023) Frozen shoulder. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL). Aug 28

Dias R, Cutts S, Massoud S (2005) Frozen shoulder. BMJ Dec 17(3317530):1453–1456. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7530.1453

Article  Google Scholar 

Bunker T (2009) Time for a new name for frozen shoulder: contracture of the shoulder. Shoulder Elb Jan 20(1):4–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.290.6477.1233

Article  Google Scholar 

Eljabu W, Klinger HM, von Knoch M (2016) Prognostic factors and therapeutic options for treatment of frozen shoulder: a systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2341-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reeves B (1975) The natural history of the frozen shoulder syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 4(4):193–196

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Diercks RL, Stevens M (2008) Gentle thawing of the frozen shoulder: a prospective study of supervised neglect versus intensive physical therapy in seventy-seven patients with frozen shoulder syndrome followed up for two years. J Shoulder Elb Surg Dec 25(5):499–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2004.03.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Vastamäki H, Kettunen J, Vastamäki M (2012) The natural history of idiopathic frozen shoulder: a 2- to 27-year followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res Apr 470(4):1133–1143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-2176-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Zreik NH, Malik RA (2016) Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and diabetes: a meta-analysis of prevalence. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 6:26–34. https://doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2016.6.1.026

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho CH, Jin HJ, Kim DH (2020) Comparison of clinical outcomes between Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder and Diabetic Frozen Shoulder after a single ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Diagnostics (Basel Switzerland) 10(6):370. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060370

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barbosa F, Swamy G, Salem H, Creswell T, Espag M, Tambe A, Clark D (2019) Chronic Adhesive Capsulitis (frozen shoulder): comparative outcomes of treatment in patients with diabetes and obesity. J Clin Orthop Trauma Mar-Apr 10(2):265–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2018.02.015

Article  Google Scholar 

Griggs SM, Ahn A, Green A (2000) Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 82–A(10): 1398–1407

Dyer BP, Burton C, Rathod-Mistry T, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, van der Windt DA (2021) Diabetes as a prognostic factor in frozen shoulder: a systematic review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl Sep; 3(3):100141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100141

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dyer BP, Rathod-Mistry T, Burton C, van der Windt DA, Bucknall M (2023) Diabetes as a risk factor for the Onset of Frozen Shoulder: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMJ Open 13:e062377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062377

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rymaruk S, Peach C (2017) Indications for hydrodilatation for frozen shoulder. EFORT Open Rev, Nov 22;2(11):462–468. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.2.160061

Kelley MJ, Shaffer MA, Kuhn JE et al (2013) Shoulder pain and mobility deficits: adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 43(5):A1–A31. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2013.0302

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carette S, Moffet H, Tardif J et al (2003) Intraarticular corticosteroids, supervised physiotherapy, or a combination of the two in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a placebocontrolled trial. Arthritis Rheum 48(3):829–838. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10954

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Safran O, Fraind-Maya G, Kandel L, Leibowitz G, Beyth S (2022) The Effect of Steroid Injection into the shoulder on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, vol 6. JSES Int, pp 843–848. 5https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2022.05.016

Wu WT, Chang KV, Han DS, Chang CH, Yang FS, Lin CP (2017) Effectiveness of glenohumeral joint dilatation for treatment of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 7:10507. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10895-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Poku D, Hassan R, Migliorini F, Maffulli N (2023) Efficacy of hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med Bull 147(1):121–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldad018

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin MT, Hsiao MY, Tu YK, Wang TG (2018) Comparative efficacy of intra-articular steroid injection and distension in patients with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99:1383–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.471

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bell S, Coghlan J, Richardson M (2003) Hydrodilatation in the management of shoulder capsulitis. Australas Radiol 47(3):247–251. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1673.2003.01171.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicholson JA, Slader B, Martindale A, Mckie S, Robinson CM (2020) Distention arthrogram in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis has a low rate of repeat intervention. Bone Joint. 102–B(5):606–610. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.102B5.BJJ-2020-0082

Wang JC, Hsu PC, Wang KA, Wu WT, Chang KV (2023) Comparative effectiveness of corticosteroid dosages for Ultrasound-guided Glenohumeral Joint Hydrodilatation in Adhesive Capsulitis: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 104(5):745–752

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoon JP, Chung SW, Kim JE, Kim HS, Lee HJ, Jeong WJ, Oh KS, Lee DO, Seo A, Kim Y (2016) Intra-articular injection, subacromial injection, and hydrodilatation for primary frozen shoulder: a randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25(3):376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.11.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sinha R, Patel P, Rose N, Tuckett J, Banerjee AN, Williams J, Aldridge S, Stuart P (2017) Analysis of hydrodilatation as part of a combined service for stiff shoulder. Shoulder Elb 9(3):169–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758573216687273

Article  Google Scholar 

Clement RG, Ray AG, Davinson C, Robinson CM, Perks FJ (2013) Frozen shoulder: Long Term Outcome following arthrographic distention, vol 79. Acta Orthop Belg, pp 8–74. 4

Paruthikunnan SM, Shastry PN, Kadavigere R, Pandey V, Karegowda LH (2020) Intra-articular steroid for adhesive capsulitis: does hydrodilatation give any additional benefit? A randomized control trial. Skeletal Radiol 49(5):795–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-019-03316-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li W, Lu N, Xu H et al (2015) Case control study of risk factors for frozen shoulder in China. Int J Rheum Dis 18:508–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12246

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shanmugam N, Reddy MA, Guha M et al (2003) High glucose-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in monocytic cells. Diabetes 52:1256–1264. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1256

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lho Y-M, Ha E, Cho C-H et al (2013) Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elb Surg 22:666–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2012.06.014

Article  Google Scholar 

Boutefnouchet T, Jordan R, Bhabra G, Modi C, Saithna A (2019) Comparison of outcomes following arthroscopic capsular release for idiopathic, diabetic and secondary shoulder adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Research: OTSR 105(5):839–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2019.02.014

Article