Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T, Yamamoto A, Kirisako T, Noda T et al (2000) LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J 19(21):5720–5728

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kalimo H, Savontaus ML, Lang H, Paljärvi L, Sonninen V, Dean PB et al (1988) X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy: a new hereditary muscle disease. Annals Neurology: Official J Am Neurol Association Child Neurol Soc 23(3):258–265

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Narain Y, Wyttenbach A, Rankin J, Furlong RA, Rubinsztein DC (1999) A molecular investigation of true dominance in Huntington’s disease. J Med Genet 36(10):739–746

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ravikumar B, Duden R, Rubinsztein DC (2002) Aggregate-prone proteins with polyglutamine and polyalanine expansions are degraded by autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 11(9):1107–1117

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Principe DD, Lista P, Malorni W, Giammarioli AM (2013) Fibroblast autophagy in fibrotic disorders. J Pathol 229(2):208–220

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jimenez-Sanchez M, Thomson F, Zavodszky E, Rubinsztein DC (2012) Autophagy and polyglutamine diseases. Prog Neurobiol 97(2):67–82

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shintani T, Klionsky DJ (2004) Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science 306(5698):990–995

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R, Kondo S (2005) The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 5(9):726–734

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herman-Antosiewicz A, Johnson DE, Singh SV (2006) Sulforaphane causes autophagy to inhibit release of cytochrome C and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 66(11):5828–5835

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masoro EJ (2000) Caloric restriction and aging: an update. Exp Gerontol 35(3):299–305

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cantó C, Auwerx J (2011) Calorie restriction: is AMPK a key sensor and effector? Physiology 26(4):214–224

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng Q, Zhao K, Han X, Huff AF, Cui Q, Babcock SA et al (2015) Inhibition of AMPK accentuates prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac contractile function through disruption of compensatory autophagy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular basis of Disease. 1852(2):332–342

Alers S, Löffler AS, Wesselborg S, Stork B (2012) Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1/2 in the regulation of autophagy: cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks. Mol Cell Biol 32(1):2–11

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jefferies HBJ, Fumagalli S, Dennis PB, Reinhard C, Pearson RB, Thomas G (1997) Rapamycin suppresses 5′TOP mRNA translation through inhibition of p70s6k. EMBO J 16(12):3693–3704

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bommareddy A, Hahm ER, Xiao D, Powolny AA, Fisher AL, Jiang Y et al (2009) Atg5 regulates Phenethyl Isothiocyanate–Induced Autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human prostate Cancer cells. Cancer Res 69(8):3704–3712

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singh AV, Xiao D, Lew KL, Dhir R, Singh SV (2004) Sulforaphane induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cultured PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and retards growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo. Carcinogenesis 25(1):83–90

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh SV, Warin R, Xiao D, Powolny AA, Stan SD, Arlotti JA et al (2009) Sulforaphane inhibits prostate carcinogenesis and pulmonary metastasis in TRAMP mice in association with increased cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Cancer Res 69(5):2117–2125

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Novío S, Cartea ME, Soengas P, Freire-Garabal M, Núñez-Iglesias MJ (2016) Effects of Brassicaceae isothiocyanates on prostate cancer. Molecules 21(5):626

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wiczk A, Hofman D, Konopa G, Herman-Antosiewicz A (2012) Sulforaphane, a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, inhibits protein synthesis in human prostate cancer cells. Biochim et Biophys Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Res 1823(8):1295–1305

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pawlik A, Wiczk A, Kaczyńska A, Antosiewicz J, Herman-Antosiewicz A (2013) Sulforaphane inhibits growth of phenotypically different breast cancer cells. Eur J Nutr 52:1949–1958

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hać A, Domachowska A, Narajczyk M, Cyske K, Pawlik A, Herman-Antosiewicz A (2015) S6K1 controls autophagosome maturation in autophagy induced by sulforaphane or serum deprivation. Eur J Cell Biol 94(10):470–481

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiao D, Singh SV (2002) Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Cancer Res 62(13):3615–3619

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laplante M, Sabatini DM (2009) mTOR signaling at a glance. J Cell Sci 122(20):3589–3594

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sarkar S, Ravikumar B, Floto R, Rubinsztein D (2009) Rapamycin and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers ameliorate toxicity of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin and related proteinopathies. Cell Death Differ 16(1):46–56

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahumada-Castro U, Silva-Pavez E, Lovy A, Pardo E, Molgó J, Cárdenas C (2019) MTOR-independent autophagy induced by interrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial Ca2 + communication: a dead end in cancer cells. Autophagy 15(2):358–361

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim D, Hwang HY, Kwon HJ (2021) A natural small molecule induces MAPT clearance via mTOR-independent autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 568:30–36

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bjørkøy G, Lamark T, Brech A, Outzen H, Perander M, Øvervatn A et al (2005) p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death. J Cell Biol 171(4):603–614

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lamark T, Johansen T (2012) Aggrephagy: selective disposal of protein aggregates by macroautophagy. International journal of cell biology; 2012

Pina FJ, Niwa M (2015) The ER stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway regulates daughter cell ER protein aggregate inheritance. Elife 4:e06970

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin JF, Tsai TF, Liao PC, Lin YH, Lin YC, Chen HE et al (2013) Benzyl isothiocyanate induces protective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells via inhibition of mTOR signaling. Carcinogenesis 34(2):406–414

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sasaki Y, Ikeda Y, Iwabayashi M, Akasaki Y, Ohishi M (2017) The impact of autophagy on cardiovascular senescence and diseases. Int Heart J 58(5):666–673

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Hofer SJ, Kroemer G (2019) Caloric restriction mimetics against age-associated disease: targets, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Cell Metabol 29(3):592–610

Article  CAS